Phalaris californica |
Phalaris angusta |
|
---|---|---|
California Canary grass, canarygrass |
narrow canarygrass, timothy Canary grass |
|
Habit | Plants perennial; cespitose, not rhizomatous. | Plants annual. |
Culms | 60-160 cm, swollen at the base. |
10-170 cm. |
Panicles | 1.5-6 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, ovoid to cylindrical, often purplish, often truncate at the base; branches not evident, spikelets borne singly, not clustered. |
2-20 cm long, 0.6-1.5 cm wide, cylindrical, discontinuous, sometimes lobed; branches sometimes evident, spikelets borne singly, not clustered. |
Spikelets | homogamous, with 3 florets, terminal floret bisexual; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets. |
homogamous, with 3 florets, terminal floret bisexual; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the sterile florets. |
Glumes | 5-8 mm long, 0.9-1.6 mm wide, acute to acuminate, keels not or only narrowly winged distally, wings to 0.2 mm wide, scabrous, lateral veins conspicuous, smooth; sterile florets 2, equal or subequal, 1.8-3.5 mm, usually more than 1/2 as long as the bisexual florets, densely hairy; bisexual florets 3.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, sparsely hairy, shiny, stramineous, becoming darker at maturity, apices acute to weakly acuminate; anthers 3-3.5 mm. |
2-6 mm long, 0.6-1.1 mm wide, rectangular, often purplish, keels winged, scabrous, wings about 0.4 mm wide, smooth, lateral veins conspicuous, scabrous, apices mucronate; sterile florets 2, equal, 0.5-1.5 mm, linear, sparsely and inconspicuously hairy; bisexual florets 2-3.8 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm wide, laterally compressed, hairy, particularly distally, shiny, apices tapering; anthers 0.5-1.3 mm. |
Ligules | 3-5(8) mm, truncate to acute, irregularly erose; blades 5-35 (40) cm long, 3-12(18) mm wide, smooth. |
4-7 mm, truncate to rounded or obtuse, lacerate; blades 3-15 cm long, 2-12 mm wide. |
2n | = 28. |
= 14. |
Phalaris californica |
Phalaris angusta |
|
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NM; OR; SC; TX
|
Discussion | Phalaris californica is native to California and southwestern Oregon. It grows in ravines and on open, moist ground. Records from further north probably represent introductions. The relatively long, sterile florets of P. californica distinguish it from other species of Phalaris in the Flora region. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Phalaris angusta grows in the contiguous United States, primarily in the south. In South America, it is most abundant in a band from Chile to Argentina; it also grows in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Thellung (1911) considered it to be a South American species that is adventive in North America. Throughout its distribution, it tends to grow in open grasslands and prairies. Baldini (1995) suggested that Phalaris angusta, P. lemmonii, and P. caroliniana are involved in reciprocal hybridization and introgression, particularly in California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24. | FNA vol. 24. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Phalaris | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Phalaris |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Hook. & Am. | Nees ex Trin. |
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