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garden knotweed, garden smartweed, Himalayan knotweed, Kashmir plume

Chinese knotweed, Chinese smartweed

Habit Plants perennial, 7–10 dm; roots not also arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes present.
Stems

ascending to erect, sometimes scandent, glabrous or retrorsely hispid.

Leaves

ocrea brownish, cylindric, 15–25(–50) mm, coriaceous proximally, chartaceous distally, base often inflated, margins oblique, eciliate, surface glabrous or pubescent;

petiole 1–2.5 cm, winged at least distally;

blade lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, 4–16 × 1.5–8 cm, base truncate to broadly cordate, margins glabrous or antrorsely scabrous with whitish hairs, apex acuminate, faces glabrous or hispid abaxially and adaxially, sometimes pubescent only along veins abaxially, not glandular-punctate but often minutely reddish-punctate abaxially.

Inflorescences

terminal or terminal and axillary, 3–6 × 3–6 mm;

peduncle 10–30 mm, stipitate-glandular along entire length;

ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate.

Pedicels

mostly ascending, 2–3 mm.

Flowers

1–3 per ocreate fascicle;

perianth white to pink, campanulate, glabrous, accrescent;

tepals 5, ovate, 3–4 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

stamens 8, filaments distinct, free;

anthers red or purple, elliptic;

styles 3, connate proximally.

Achenes

included in fleshy, bluish black perianth, black, 3-gonous, 2.8–4 × 2–3 mm, dull, minutely punctuate.

Persicaria wallichii

Persicaria chinensis

Phenology Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat Disturbed places
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; MA; OR; BC; Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MA; MD; NJ; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in the Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (1 in the flora).

Persicaria wallichii is an ornamental that escapes infrequently in the flora area. A population in Nova Scotia apparently was ephemeral. Plants with leaf blades sparsely to densely pubescent abaxially and pedicels glabrous are var. wallichii, to which naturalized North American plants appear to be referable. Plants with leaf blades brownish-tomentose abaxially and pedicels usually pubescent are var. tomentosa S. P. Hong, which may be in cultivation in North America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties of Persicaria chinensis have been distinguished on the basis of stem pubescence, leaf shape, and leaf size. Whether those taxa merit recognition in the flora area is uncertain.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 581. FNA vol. 5, p. 580.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Rubrivena Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Cephalophilon
Sibling taxa
P. amphibia, P. arifolia, P. bicornis, P. bungeana, P. capitata, P. careyi, P. chinensis, P. glabra, P. hirsuta, P. hydropiper, P. hydropiperoides, P. lapathifolia, P. longiseta, P. maculosa, P. meisneriana, P. minor, P. nepalensis, P. orientalis, P. pensylvanica, P. perfoliata, P. punctata, P. robustior, P. sagittata, P. setacea, P. virginiana
P. amphibia, P. arifolia, P. bicornis, P. bungeana, P. capitata, P. careyi, P. glabra, P. hirsuta, P. hydropiper, P. hydropiperoides, P. lapathifolia, P. longiseta, P. maculosa, P. meisneriana, P. minor, P. nepalensis, P. orientalis, P. pensylvanica, P. perfoliata, P. punctata, P. robustior, P. sagittata, P. setacea, P. virginiana, P. wallichii
Subordinate taxa
P. wallichii var. wallichii
Synonyms Polygonum polystachyum, Aconogonon polystachyum, Pleuropteropyrum polystachyum, Reynoutria polystachya, Rubrivena polystachya Polygonum chinense
Name authority Greuter & Burdet: Willdenowia 19: 41. (1989) (Linnaeus) H. Gross: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 269. (1913)
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