Persicaria sagittata |
Persicaria robustior |
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arrow-leaf knotweed, arrow-leaf tearthumb, arrow-vine, renouée sagittée |
r enouée robuste, stout dotted smartweed, stout smartweed |
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Habit | Plants annual, 3–20 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes. | Plants perennial, 3–20 dm; roots also sometimes arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes present, stolons sometimes present. |
Stems | scandent, ribbed, glabrous; prickles 1–1.5 mm. |
ascending, usually branched proximally, scarcely ribbed, glabrous, glandular-punctate; branches sometimes creeping and rooting at nodes. |
Leaves | ocrea brownish, cylindric, (3–)5–13 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, without prickles, margins oblique, glabrous or ciliate at tip with bristles 0.2–1 mm, surface glabrous; petiole 0.5–4 cm; blade broadly lanceolate to oblong, 2–8.5 × 1–3 cm, base sagittate to cordate, margins entire, ciliate or eciliate, apex obtuse to acute, faces glabrous or densely appressed-pubescent, usually with retrorse prickles along midvein abaxially. |
ocrea light brown, cylindric, 10–15 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 3–12 mm, surface strigose, glandular-punctate; petiole 0.2–2 cm, glandular-punctate; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 4–20 × 2–4.5 cm, base tapered, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or main veins scabrous, glandular-punctate. |
Inflorescences | capitate or paniclelike, uninterrupted, 5–15 × 4–10 mm; peduncle 10–80 mm, usually glabrous, sometimes with retrorse prickles proximally; ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate. |
terminal and axillary, erect, uninterrupted, 20–80 × 5–10 mm; peduncle 5–40 mm, glandular-punctate; ocreolae usually overlapping, margins eciliate or proximal ones sometimes ciliate with bristles to 1 mm. |
Pedicels | mostly ascending, 1–1.5 mm. |
ascending to spreading, 2–5 mm. |
Flowers | 2–3 per ocreate fascicle; perianth white or greenish white, often tinged pink or red, sometimes entirely pink, glabrous, accrescent, not becoming blue and fleshy in fruit; tepals 5, connate 1/3–1/2 their length, broadly elliptic, 3–5 mm, apex obtuse; stamens 8, filaments distinct, free; anthers pink, ovate; styles 3, connate to middle. |
2–4 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish proximally, white distally, glandular-punctate with punctae ± uniformly distributed, slightly accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca.1/3 their length, obovate, 3.2–4.2 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6–8, included; anthers pink or red, elliptic; styles 3, connate proximally. |
Achenes | included or styles exserted, light or dark brown to black, 3-gonous, 2.5–4 × 1.8–2.5 mm, dull to shiny, smooth to minutely punctate. |
included or apex exserted, dark brown to brownish black, 3-gonous, 2.7–3.6 × 2–2.5 mm, shiny, smooth. |
2n | = 40. |
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Persicaria sagittata |
Persicaria robustior |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Oct. | Flowering Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Moist shaded sites, meadows, pastures, fens, swamps, shorelines of ponds and streams | Peaty shores, often in water on coastal plain or near coast |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; e Asia
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CT; DE; FL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TX; VA; NS; ON; QC; Central America; South America; West Indies
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Discussion | Persicaria sagittata is an extremely variable species. Achene and leaf characters have been used by some authors to separate North American and Asian populations, but these characters show weak geographic variation (C. W. Park 1988). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Persicaria robustior often is synonymized with P. punctata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 577. | FNA vol. 5, p. 584. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Echinocaulon | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polygonum sagittatum, Polygonum sagittatum var. gracilentum, Tracaulon sagittatum, Truellum sagittatum | Polygonum punctatum var. robustius, P. punctata var. robustior, Polygonum punctatum var. majus, Polygonum robustius |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) H. Gross: Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 113. (1919) | (Small) E. P. Bicknell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 455. (1909) |
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