Persicaria robustior |
Persicaria setacea |
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r enouée robuste, stout dotted smartweed, stout smartweed |
bog smartweed, bristly smartweed |
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Habit | Plants perennial, 3–20 dm; roots also sometimes arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes present, stolons sometimes present. | Plants perennial, 5–15 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes present, stolons sometimes produced on plants in water. |
Stems | ascending, usually branched proximally, scarcely ribbed, glabrous, glandular-punctate; branches sometimes creeping and rooting at nodes. |
ascending or erect, branched distally, slightly ribbed, glabrous or loosely appressed- to spreading-hirsute near nodes. |
Leaves | ocrea light brown, cylindric, 10–15 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 3–12 mm, surface strigose, glandular-punctate; petiole 0.2–2 cm, glandular-punctate; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 4–20 × 2–4.5 cm, base tapered, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or main veins scabrous, glandular-punctate. |
ocrea brown, cylindric, 10–20 mm, chartaceous, base usually inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 6–12 mm, surface strigose and with loosely ascending to spreading hairs at least proximally, not glandular-punctate; petiole 0.1–0.5 cm, spreading-hirsute, leaves sometimes sessile; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate, (3–)6–15(–18) × (1.5–)2–3.2(–4.8) cm, base tapered to truncate, margins appressed-ciliate, apex acute to acuminate, faces sparsely hirsute to loosely appressed hirsute abaxially and adaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, erect, uninterrupted, 20–80 × 5–10 mm; peduncle 5–40 mm, glandular-punctate; ocreolae usually overlapping, margins eciliate or proximal ones sometimes ciliate with bristles to 1 mm. |
mostly terminal, erect, uninterrupted, 20–80 × 4–8 mm; peduncle 10–70 mm, strigose; ocreolae overlapping, margins ciliate with bristles (0.6–)1–3(–5) mm. |
Pedicels | ascending to spreading, 2–5 mm. |
ascending, 1–3 mm. |
Flowers | 2–4 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish proximally, white distally, glandular-punctate with punctae ± uniformly distributed, slightly accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca.1/3 their length, obovate, 3.2–4.2 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6–8, included; anthers pink or red, elliptic; styles 3, connate proximally. |
(1–)2–4(–5) per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish proximally, creamy or tan distally, occasionally tinged pink, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, nonaccrescent; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/3 their length, obovate, 2–3 mm, veins not prominent, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 5, included; anthers pink or red, elliptic; styles 3, connate proximally. |
Achenes | included or apex exserted, dark brown to brownish black, 3-gonous, 2.7–3.6 × 2–2.5 mm, shiny, smooth. |
included or apex exserted, brown to black, 3-gonous, (1.5–)2–2.5 × 1.2–1.7 mm, shiny, smooth. |
2n | = 20. |
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Persicaria robustior |
Persicaria setacea |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Oct. | Flowering Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Peaty shores, often in water on coastal plain or near coast | Alluvial woods, swamp forests |
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; FL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TX; VA; NS; ON; QC; Central America; South America; West Indies
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AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WA
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Discussion | Persicaria robustior often is synonymized with P. punctata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
C. B. McDonald (1980) showed that Persicaria setacea is closely related to P. hirsuta and P. hydropiperoides. Hybrids between P. setacea and P. hirsuta have been produced experimentally but appear to be rare in the wild. Persicaria setacea and P. hydropiperoides occasionally occur in mixed populations but do not hybridize (McDonald). Persicaria setacea sometimes intergrades morphologically with P. hydropiperoides, especially in New England. Specimens of P. setacea without the characteristic ascending or spreading hairs on the ocreae usually can be distinguished from P. hydropiperoides by the extent of adnation of the hairs to the ocreae—up to one-third their lengths in P. setacea, but one-third to two-thirds their lengths in P. hydropiperoides. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 584. | FNA vol. 5, p. 588. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polygonum punctatum var. robustius, P. punctata var. robustior, Polygonum punctatum var. majus, Polygonum robustius | Polygonum setaceum, Polygonum hydropiperoides var. setaceum, Polygonum setaceum var. interjectum, Polygonum setaceum var. tonsum |
Name authority | (Small) E. P. Bicknell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 455. (1909) | (Baldwin) Small: Fl. S.E. U.S., 379. (1903) |
Web links |