Persicaria robustior |
Persicaria glabra |
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r enouée robuste, stout dotted smartweed, stout smartweed |
denseflower knotweed, smooth smartweed |
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Habit | Plants perennial, 3–20 dm; roots also sometimes arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes present, stolons sometimes present. | Plants perennial, 3–15 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes present. |
Stems | ascending, usually branched proximally, scarcely ribbed, glabrous, glandular-punctate; branches sometimes creeping and rooting at nodes. |
decumbent to erect, usually branched distally, without noticeable ribs, glabrous or, rarely, pubescent distally, sometimes glandular-punctate. |
Leaves | ocrea light brown, cylindric, 10–15 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 3–12 mm, surface strigose, glandular-punctate; petiole 0.2–2 cm, glandular-punctate; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 4–20 × 2–4.5 cm, base tapered, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or main veins scabrous, glandular-punctate. |
ocrea light brown, cylindric, 12–23 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, eciliate, surface glabrous, usually obscurely glandular-punctate; petiole 0.2–2 cm, scabrous; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate, (10–)15–30 × (1.5–)2–5.4 cm, base tapered, margins glabrous or antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or scabrous along midveins, sometimes glandular-punctate. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, erect, uninterrupted, 20–80 × 5–10 mm; peduncle 5–40 mm, glandular-punctate; ocreolae usually overlapping, margins eciliate or proximal ones sometimes ciliate with bristles to 1 mm. |
mostly terminal, sometimes also axillary, erect to slightly nodding, usually uninterrupted, 30–100 × 5–9 mm; peduncle 10–50 mm, glabrous or scabrid, glandular-punctate; ocreolae usually overlapping, margins eciliate. |
Pedicels | ascending to spreading, 2–5 mm. |
erect to spreading, 2–5 mm. |
Flowers | 2–4 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish proximally, white distally, glandular-punctate with punctae ± uniformly distributed, slightly accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca.1/3 their length, obovate, 3.2–4.2 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6–8, included; anthers pink or red, elliptic; styles 3, connate proximally. |
(1–)3–8 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish white to white or pink, glabrous, not glandular-puncate or glandular-punctate with punctae ± uniformly distributed, scarcely accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/3 their length, obovate, 3–3.6 mm, veins not prominent, not anchor shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 5–7, included; anthers pink or red, ovate; styles 2, connate proximally. |
Achenes | included or apex exserted, dark brown to brownish black, 3-gonous, 2.7–3.6 × 2–2.5 mm, shiny, smooth. |
included, dark brown to brownish black, biconvex, 2–2.2 × 1.3–1.6 mm, shiny, smooth. |
Persicaria robustior |
Persicaria glabra |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Oct. | Flowering Aug–Nov. |
Habitat | Peaty shores, often in water on coastal plain or near coast | Swamps, wet thickets, marshy shores, frequently in water, mostly on coastal plain of e North America |
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | 0-300 |
Distribution |
CT; DE; FL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TX; VA; NS; ON; QC; Central America; South America; West Indies
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AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TN; TX; VA; Central America; South America; Asia; ne Africa; Pacific Islands (Hawaii, Philippines)
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Discussion | Persicaria robustior often is synonymized with P. punctata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
American plants here included in Persicaria glabra often have been treated as distinct and called P. densiflora. The morphological differences between them and Asian and Pacific P. glabra are minor. Regional tendencies exist but do not appear sufficient to warrant separation of the species (K. L. Wilson 1990b). An infusion made from pounded whole plants was used by the Hawaiians as a blood medicine (D. E. Moerman 1998). Persicaria portoricensis Small and Polygonum portoricense Bertero ex Small are superfluous and illegitimate names that pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 584. | FNA vol. 5, p. 586. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polygonum punctatum var. robustius, P. punctata var. robustior, Polygonum punctatum var. majus, Polygonum robustius | Polygonum glabrum, P. densiflora, Polygonum densiflorum |
Name authority | (Small) E. P. Bicknell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 455. (1909) | (Willdenow) M. Gómez: Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 278. (1896) |
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