Persicaria longiseta |
Persicaria maculosa |
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bristly lady's-thumb, oriental lady's thumb, oriental lady's-thumb smartweed |
heartweed, lady's-thumb, lady's-thumb smartweed, redshank, renouée persicaire, spotted lady's-thumb |
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Habit | Plants annual, 3–8 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent. | Plants annual, (0.5–)1–7(–13) dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent. |
Stems | decumbent to ascending, branched, without noticeable ribs, glabrous. |
procumbent, decumbent, ascending, or erect, simple or branched, without obvious ribs, glabrous or appressed-pubescent. |
Leaves | ocrea hyaline to brownish, cylindric, 5–12 mm, chartaceous, base sometimes inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 4–12 mm, surface glabrous or strigose, not glandular-punctate; petiole 0.1–0.3(–0.6) cm, glabrous, leaves sometimes sessile; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2–8 × 1–3 cm, base tapering to cuneate, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or sparingly strigose along veins abaxially, glabrous or strigose along midvein and margins adaxially, not glandular-punctate. |
ocrea light brown, cylindric, 4–10(–15) mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with hairs 1–3.5(–5) mm, surface glabrous or strigose, rarely with spreading hairs, not glandular-punctate; petiole 0.1–0.8 cm, glabrous or strigose, leaves sometimes sessile; blade often with dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, (1–)5–10(–18) × (0.2–)1–2.5(–4) cm, base tapered or cuneate, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or strigose, especially along midveins, sometimes glandular-punctate abaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal, sometimes also axillary, erect, uninterrupted, 10–40(–80) × 3–7 mm; peduncle 10–50 mm, glabrous; ocreolae overlapping, margins ciliate with bristles (0.5–)1–4(–6) mm. |
terminal and axillary, erect, usually uninterrupted, 10–45(–60) × 7–12 mm; peduncle 10–50 mm, glabrous or, rarely, pubescent; ocreolae overlapping or sometimes interrupted proximally, margins ciliate with bristles 0.2–1.3(–2) mm. |
Pedicels | ascending, 1–2 mm. |
ascending, 1–2.5 mm. |
Flowers | 1–5 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth pinkish green proximally, roseate distally, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, scarcely accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/3 their length, obovate, 2.2–2.8 mm, veins not prominent, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 5, included; anthers yellow, elliptic to ovate; styles 3, connate proximally. |
4–14 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish white proximally and roseate distally or entirely roseate, not glandular-punctate, scarcely accrescent; tepals 4–5, connate ca. 1/3 their length, obovate, 2–3.5 mm, veins prominent, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 4–8, included; anthers yellow or pink, ovate; styles 2–3, connate proximally. |
Achenes | included, dark brown to black, 3-gonous, 1.6–2.3 × 1.1–1.6 mm, shiny, smooth. |
included or apex exserted, brownish black to black, discoid or biconvex to 3-gonous, (1.9–)2–2.7 × (1.5–) 1.8–2.2 mm, shiny, smooth. |
2n | = 44. |
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Persicaria longiseta |
Persicaria maculosa |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Mar–Nov. |
Habitat | Floodplain forests and woodlands, shorelines of ponds, moist roadsides, waste places | Weedy, moist semiwaste to cultivated areas |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-2500 m (0-8200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; BC; NB; ON; e Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe]
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Africa; Greenland; Eurasia; Pacific Islands (New Zealand) [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Persicaria longiseta is morphologically similar to another Asian species, P. posumbu (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Gross (= P. caespitosa). Its spread in the United States since its introduction near Philadelphia in 1910 was summarized by A. K. Paterson (2000). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
An allozyme study by L. L. Consaul et al. (1991) provided evidence of the allotetraploid origin of Persicaria maculosa, with P. lapathifolium as one of the parents. Plants with stems spreading-hairy and peduncles stipitate-glandular have been named P. maculosa subsp. hirsuticaulis (Danser) S. Ekman & Knutsson. Material referable to this subspecies has not been seen among North American specimens. Hybrids between P. maculosa and P. minor have been documented in Europe (R. H. Roberts 1977). The Cherokee, Chippewa, and Iroquois prepared simple or compound decoctions of Persicaria maculosa, which they used as dermatological, urinary, gastrointestinal, and veterinary aids, for heart medicine, and as an analgesic (D. E. Moerman 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 592. | FNA vol. 5, p. 593. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polygonum longisetum, P. caespitosa var. longiseta, Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum | Polygonum persicaria, P. fusiformis, P. vulgaris, Polygonum fusiforme, Polygonum persicaria var. ruderale, Polygonum puritanorum |
Name authority | (Bruijn) Kitagawa: Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 1: 322. (1937) | Gray: Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 269. (1822) |
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