Persicaria careyi |
Persicaria lapathifolia |
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Carey's smartweed, renouée de Carey |
common knotweed, curltop knotweed, curltop ladysthumb, curlytop knotweed, dock-leaf smartweed, pale smartweed, renouée à feuilles de patience, willow weed |
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Habit | Plants annual, 3–15(–20) dm; roots also rarely arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent. | Plants annual, (0.5–)1–10 dm; roots also sometimes arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent. |
Stems | erect, branched distally, ribbed distally, hirsute proximally, stipitate-glandular distally, usually smooth proximally. |
ascending to erect, simple or branched, scarcely ribbed, glabrous or, rarely, appressed-pubescent distally, sometimes glandular-punctate or stipitate-glandular distally. |
Leaves | ocrea brownish to reddish brown, cylindric, 8–20 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 2–7 mm, surface strigose to hirsute, not glandular-punctate, rarely stipitate-glandular; petiole (0.1–)0.5–1.5 cm, hirsute, leaves sometimes sessile; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, narrowly lanceolate, 6–18 × 1–3.5 cm, base tapering, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acuminate to attenuate, faces sparingly hirsute abaxially and adaxially, veins often hirsute, sometimes stipitate-glandular. |
ocrea brownish, cylindric, 4–24(–35) mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1 mm, surface glabrous, rarely strigose, eglandular; petiole 0.1–1.6 cm, usually strigose, sometimes glabrous; blade sometimes with dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 4–12(–22) × (0.3–)0.5–4(–6) cm, base tapering to cuneate, margins antrorsely scabrous, apex acuminate, faces strigose on main veins, glabrous or tomentose abaxially, glandular-punctate abaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, nodding or drooping, usually interrupted, 10–100 × 5–10 mm; peduncle 20–50 mm, stipitate-glandular; ocreolae overlapping or not overlapping proximally, margins eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1.3 mm. |
mostly terminal, sometimes also axillary, mostly arching or nodding, usually uninterrupted, 30–80 × 5–12 mm; peduncle 2–25 mm, often stipitate-glandular; ocreolae usually overlapping, margins eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 0.4 mm. |
Pedicels | ascending to spreading, 1–4 mm. |
ascending, 0.5–2.3 mm. |
Flowers | (1–)2–8 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth roseate or purple, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, scarcely accrescent; tepals 5, connate in proximal 1/3, obovate, 2.4–3.2 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 5 (or 8), included; anthers pink, elliptic; styles 2, connate to middle. |
4–14 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish white to pink, glabrous, not glandular-punctate or glandular-punctate with punctae mostly on tubes and inner tepals, scarcely accrescent; tepals 4(–5), connate ca. 1/4–1/3 their length, obovate to elliptic, 2.5–3 mm, veins prominent, those of 2 or 3 outer tepals prominently bifurcate distally, anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 5–6, included; anthers pink or red, elliptic; styles 2(–3), connate at bases. |
Achenes | included, dark brown to black, biconvex, 1.8–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, shiny, smooth. |
included or apex exserted, brown to black, discoid or, rarely, 3-gonous, 1.5–3.2 × 1.6–3 mm, shiny or dull, smooth. |
2n | = 22. |
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Persicaria careyi |
Persicaria lapathifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Oct. | Flowering (Apr-)Jul–Nov. |
Habitat | Low thickets, swamps, bogs, moist shorelines, clearings, recent burns, cultivated ground | Moist places, roadsides, floodplains, waste places, cultivated fields |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 0-1500(-1800) m (0-4900(-5900) ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; FL; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; NB; ON; QC
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; South America; Africa; Greenland; Asia; Europe; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
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Discussion | An infusion made from entire plants of Persicaria careyi was used by the Potawatomi as a cold remedy and febrifuge (D. E. Moerman 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Persicaria lapathifolia is a morphologically variable complex with more than two-dozen infraspecific taxa described in the New World and Old World. An allozyme study by L. L. Consaul et al. (1991) did not support recognition of elements often referred to Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium or P. scabrum, which are synonymized here. Yang J. and Wang J. W. (1991) reached a similar conclusion regarding var. salicifolium and P. nodosum based on their morphometric analysis. The Keres, Navajo, and Potawatomi prepared medicinal infusions with Persicaria lapathifolia, and the Zuni used decoctions made from the plants as cathartic and emetic drugs (D. E. Moerman 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 592. | FNA vol. 5, p. 589. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polygonum careyi | Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum incarnatum, Polygonum lapathifolium var. ovatum, Polygonum lapathifolium var. salicifolium, Polygonum linicola, Polygonum nodosum, Polygonum pensylvanicum var. oneillii, Polygonum scabrum, Polygonum tomentosum |
Name authority | (Olney) Greene: Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24. (1904) | (Linnaeus) Gray: Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 270. (1822) |
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