Persicaria capitata |
Persicaria robustior |
|
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Himalayan smartweed, Japanese knotweed, pink bubble persicaria, pink-head knotweed, pink-head persicaria, pinkhead smartweed |
r enouée robuste, stout dotted smartweed, stout smartweed |
|
Habit | Plants annual or perennial, 0.5–5 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes. | Plants perennial, 3–20 dm; roots also sometimes arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes present, stolons sometimes present. |
Stems | prostrate, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. |
ascending, usually branched proximally, scarcely ribbed, glabrous, glandular-punctate; branches sometimes creeping and rooting at nodes. |
Leaves | ocrea brown or reddish brown, cylindric to funnelform, 5–12 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, margins oblique, eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1.5 mm, surface lanate, sometimes also glandular-pubescent; petiole 2–5 mm, winged distally; blade ovate to elliptic, 1.5–4(–6) × 0.6–2.5(–3.3) cm, base cuneate or tapering, margins ciliate with reddish, multicellular hairs, apex acute, faces glandular-pubescent abaxially and adaxially, not glandular-punctate. |
ocrea light brown, cylindric, 10–15 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 3–12 mm, surface strigose, glandular-punctate; petiole 0.2–2 cm, glandular-punctate; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 4–20 × 2–4.5 cm, base tapered, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or main veins scabrous, glandular-punctate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 5–20 × 7-18 mm; peduncle 10–40 mm, glabrous or stipitate-glandular in distal 1/5; ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate. |
terminal and axillary, erect, uninterrupted, 20–80 × 5–10 mm; peduncle 5–40 mm, glandular-punctate; ocreolae usually overlapping, margins eciliate or proximal ones sometimes ciliate with bristles to 1 mm. |
Pedicels | spreading, 0.5–1 mm. |
ascending to spreading, 2–5 mm. |
Flowers | 1–5 per ocreate fascicle; perianth greenish white proximally, pinkish distally, urceolate, glabrous, nonaccrescent; tepals 5, elliptic, 2–3 mm, apex acute to obtuse; stamens 8, filaments distinct, free; anthers pink to red, elliptic; styles 3, connate to middle or distally. |
2–4 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish proximally, white distally, glandular-punctate with punctae ± uniformly distributed, slightly accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca.1/3 their length, obovate, 3.2–4.2 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6–8, included; anthers pink or red, elliptic; styles 3, connate proximally. |
Achenes | included, reddish brown to brownish black, 3-gonous, 1.5–2.2 × 1–1.5 mm, shiny, smooth or minutely punctate. |
included or apex exserted, dark brown to brownish black, 3-gonous, 2.7–3.6 × 2–2.5 mm, shiny, smooth. |
Persicaria capitata |
Persicaria robustior |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed, urban places | Peaty shores, often in water on coastal plain or near coast |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; LA; OR; Asia (Bhutan, w China, n India, Nepal) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in the Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
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CT; DE; FL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TX; VA; NS; ON; QC; Central America; South America; West Indies
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Discussion | Persicaria capitata is planted as a garden groundcover. It escapes infrequently in the flora area; once established outside of cultivation it can be difficult to eradicate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Persicaria robustior often is synonymized with P. punctata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 579. | FNA vol. 5, p. 584. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Cephalophilon | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polygonum capitatum | Polygonum punctatum var. robustius, P. punctata var. robustior, Polygonum punctatum var. majus, Polygonum robustius |
Name authority | (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Gross: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277. (1913) | (Small) E. P. Bicknell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 455. (1909) |
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