Persicaria capitata |
Persicaria orientalis |
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Himalayan smartweed, Japanese knotweed, pink bubble persicaria, pink-head knotweed, pink-head persicaria, pinkhead smartweed |
kiss-me-Over-the-garden-gate, Prince's-feather smartweed, princess-feather, renouée orientale |
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Habit | Plants annual or perennial, 0.5–5 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes. | Plants annual, 6–25 dm; roots not also arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent. |
Stems | prostrate, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. |
erect, simple or branched distally, usually ribbed, strigose or glabrescent proximally, pilose to hirsute distally. |
Leaves | ocrea brown or reddish brown, cylindric to funnelform, 5–12 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, margins oblique, eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1.5 mm, surface lanate, sometimes also glandular-pubescent; petiole 2–5 mm, winged distally; blade ovate to elliptic, 1.5–4(–6) × 0.6–2.5(–3.3) cm, base cuneate or tapering, margins ciliate with reddish, multicellular hairs, apex acute, faces glandular-pubescent abaxially and adaxially, not glandular-punctate. |
ocrea brownish proximally, green distally, narrowly funnelform, 10–20 mm, chartaceous proximally, foliaceous distally, rarely chartaceous throughout, base inflated or not, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 1–3 mm, surface densely strigose to hispid, not glandular-punctate; petiole 1–8.5(–14) cm, densely pilose to hirsute; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, ovate, 6–25(–30) × 3–17 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins scabrous to ciliate, apex acuminate, faces minutely strigose to densely hirsute, especially along veins abaxially, not glandular-punctate. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 5–20 × 7-18 mm; peduncle 10–40 mm, glabrous or stipitate-glandular in distal 1/5; ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate. |
mostly terminal, nodding or erect, uninterrupted, 10–150 × 8–18 mm; peduncle 20–100 mm, hirsute; ocreolae overlapping, margins ciliate with bristles 0.2–1 mm. |
Pedicels | spreading, 0.5–1 mm. |
ascending to spreading, 1–4 mm. |
Flowers | 1–5 per ocreate fascicle; perianth greenish white proximally, pinkish distally, urceolate, glabrous, nonaccrescent; tepals 5, elliptic, 2–3 mm, apex acute to obtuse; stamens 8, filaments distinct, free; anthers pink to red, elliptic; styles 3, connate to middle or distally. |
(1–)2–5 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth roseate to red, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, slightly accrescent; tepals 5, connate in proximal 1/3, obovate, 3–4.5 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6–8, included or exserted; anthers pink or red, elliptic; styles 2, connate proximally. |
Achenes | included, reddish brown to brownish black, 3-gonous, 1.5–2.2 × 1–1.5 mm, shiny, smooth or minutely punctate. |
included, dark brown to black, discoid, 2.5–3.5 × 3–3.5 mm, shiny to dull, smooth to minutely granulate. |
Persicaria capitata |
Persicaria orientalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed, urban places | Moist waste places |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; LA; OR; Asia (Bhutan, w China, n India, Nepal) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in the Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
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AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC; s Asia (India) [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Persicaria capitata is planted as a garden groundcover. It escapes infrequently in the flora area; once established outside of cultivation it can be difficult to eradicate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Persicaria orientalis was introduced as a garden ornamental. It often persists around homesteads and barnyards, and occasionally escapes and becomes weedy in moist waste places. A collection made in 1853 by F. V. Hayden at Fort Pierre, South Dakota (MO), is assumed to have come from a cultivated plant. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 579. | FNA vol. 5, p. 591. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Cephalophilon | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polygonum capitatum | Polygonum orientale |
Name authority | (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Gross: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277. (1913) | (Linnaeus) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 10: 537. (1841) |
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