Persicaria capitata |
Persicaria nepalensis |
|
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Himalayan smartweed, Japanese knotweed, pink bubble persicaria, pink-head knotweed, pink-head persicaria, pinkhead smartweed |
Nepalese knotweed, Nepalese smartweed |
|
Habit | Plants annual or perennial, 0.5–5 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes. | Plants annual, 3–5 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes. |
Stems | prostrate, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. |
decumbent to ascending, glabrous except for fleshy, retrorse, whitish hairs at nodes. |
Leaves | ocrea brown or reddish brown, cylindric to funnelform, 5–12 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, margins oblique, eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1.5 mm, surface lanate, sometimes also glandular-pubescent; petiole 2–5 mm, winged distally; blade ovate to elliptic, 1.5–4(–6) × 0.6–2.5(–3.3) cm, base cuneate or tapering, margins ciliate with reddish, multicellular hairs, apex acute, faces glandular-pubescent abaxially and adaxially, not glandular-punctate. |
ocrea brownish or hyaline, cylindric to funnelform, 4–10 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, margins oblique, eciliate, surface glabrous or with bristlelike hairs proximally; petiole 0.1–3 cm, winged to base, leaves sometimes sessile; blade ovate-deltate, 1.5–5 × 1–4 cm, base rounded to truncate, margins glabrous or scabrous, apex acute, faces pilose and glandular-punctate abaxially, glabrous adaxially. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 5–20 × 7-18 mm; peduncle 10–40 mm, glabrous or stipitate-glandular in distal 1/5; ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate. |
terminal and axillary, 5–10 × 5–10 mm; peduncle 2–20 mm, apex stipitate-glandular; ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate. |
Pedicels | spreading, 0.5–1 mm. |
mostly ascending, 0.1–1 mm, flowers sometimes sessile. |
Flowers | 1–5 per ocreate fascicle; perianth greenish white proximally, pinkish distally, urceolate, glabrous, nonaccrescent; tepals 5, elliptic, 2–3 mm, apex acute to obtuse; stamens 8, filaments distinct, free; anthers pink to red, elliptic; styles 3, connate to middle or distally. |
1–2 per ocreate fascicle; perianth white to pink or lavender, urceolate, glabrous, scarcely accrescent; tepals 4(–5), oblong to broadly elliptic, 2.5–3 mm, apex acute to obtuse; stamens (5–)8, filaments distinct, free; anthers purplish black, elliptic; styles 2, connate proximally. |
Achenes | included, reddish brown to brownish black, 3-gonous, 1.5–2.2 × 1–1.5 mm, shiny, smooth or minutely punctate. |
included, dark brown to black, biconvex, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, dull, minutely punctate. |
Persicaria capitata |
Persicaria nepalensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed, urban places | Disturbed sites, gravel bars in lowland zone |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; LA; OR; Asia (Bhutan, w China, n India, Nepal) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in the Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
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CT; FL; MA; NY; PA; BC; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Europe, Africa] |
Discussion | Persicaria capitata is planted as a garden groundcover. It escapes infrequently in the flora area; once established outside of cultivation it can be difficult to eradicate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 579. | FNA vol. 5, p. 579. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Cephalophilon | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Cephalophilon |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polygonum capitatum | Polygonum nepalense |
Name authority | (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Gross: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277. (1913) | (Meisner) H. Gross: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277. (1913) |
Web links |