Persicaria capitata |
Persicaria careyi |
|
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Himalayan smartweed, Japanese knotweed, pink bubble persicaria, pink-head knotweed, pink-head persicaria, pinkhead smartweed |
Carey's smartweed, renouée de Carey |
|
Habit | Plants annual or perennial, 0.5–5 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes. | Plants annual, 3–15(–20) dm; roots also rarely arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent. |
Stems | prostrate, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. |
erect, branched distally, ribbed distally, hirsute proximally, stipitate-glandular distally, usually smooth proximally. |
Leaves | ocrea brown or reddish brown, cylindric to funnelform, 5–12 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, margins oblique, eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1.5 mm, surface lanate, sometimes also glandular-pubescent; petiole 2–5 mm, winged distally; blade ovate to elliptic, 1.5–4(–6) × 0.6–2.5(–3.3) cm, base cuneate or tapering, margins ciliate with reddish, multicellular hairs, apex acute, faces glandular-pubescent abaxially and adaxially, not glandular-punctate. |
ocrea brownish to reddish brown, cylindric, 8–20 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 2–7 mm, surface strigose to hirsute, not glandular-punctate, rarely stipitate-glandular; petiole (0.1–)0.5–1.5 cm, hirsute, leaves sometimes sessile; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, narrowly lanceolate, 6–18 × 1–3.5 cm, base tapering, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acuminate to attenuate, faces sparingly hirsute abaxially and adaxially, veins often hirsute, sometimes stipitate-glandular. |
Inflorescences | terminal, 5–20 × 7-18 mm; peduncle 10–40 mm, glabrous or stipitate-glandular in distal 1/5; ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate. |
terminal and axillary, nodding or drooping, usually interrupted, 10–100 × 5–10 mm; peduncle 20–50 mm, stipitate-glandular; ocreolae overlapping or not overlapping proximally, margins eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1.3 mm. |
Pedicels | spreading, 0.5–1 mm. |
ascending to spreading, 1–4 mm. |
Flowers | 1–5 per ocreate fascicle; perianth greenish white proximally, pinkish distally, urceolate, glabrous, nonaccrescent; tepals 5, elliptic, 2–3 mm, apex acute to obtuse; stamens 8, filaments distinct, free; anthers pink to red, elliptic; styles 3, connate to middle or distally. |
(1–)2–8 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth roseate or purple, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, scarcely accrescent; tepals 5, connate in proximal 1/3, obovate, 2.4–3.2 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 5 (or 8), included; anthers pink, elliptic; styles 2, connate to middle. |
Achenes | included, reddish brown to brownish black, 3-gonous, 1.5–2.2 × 1–1.5 mm, shiny, smooth or minutely punctate. |
included, dark brown to black, biconvex, 1.8–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, shiny, smooth. |
Persicaria capitata |
Persicaria careyi |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed, urban places | Low thickets, swamps, bogs, moist shorelines, clearings, recent burns, cultivated ground |
Elevation | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; LA; OR; Asia (Bhutan, w China, n India, Nepal) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in the Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
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CT; DE; FL; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; NB; ON; QC
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Discussion | Persicaria capitata is planted as a garden groundcover. It escapes infrequently in the flora area; once established outside of cultivation it can be difficult to eradicate. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
An infusion made from entire plants of Persicaria careyi was used by the Potawatomi as a cold remedy and febrifuge (D. E. Moerman 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 579. | FNA vol. 5, p. 592. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Polygonum capitatum | Polygonum careyi |
Name authority | (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Gross: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277. (1913) | (Olney) Greene: Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24. (1904) |
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