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Himalayan smartweed, Japanese knotweed, pink bubble persicaria, pink-head knotweed, pink-head persicaria, pinkhead smartweed

prickly smartweed

Habit Plants annual or perennial, 0.5–5 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes. Plants annual, 3–8 dm; roots not also arising from proximal nodes.
Stems

prostrate, glabrous or glandular-pubescent.

ascending to erect, ribbed or obscurely so, glabrous or glandular-pubescent distally;

prickles 1–1.5 mm.

Leaves

ocrea brown or reddish brown, cylindric to funnelform, 5–12 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, margins oblique, eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1.5 mm, surface lanate, sometimes also glandular-pubescent;

petiole 2–5 mm, winged distally;

blade ovate to elliptic, 1.5–4(–6) × 0.6–2.5(–3.3) cm, base cuneate or tapering, margins ciliate with reddish, multicellular hairs, apex acute, faces glandular-pubescent abaxially and adaxially, not glandular-punctate.

ocrea brownish, cylindric, 8–14 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, without prickles, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 2–4 mm, surface with appressed bristles along veins;

petiole 0.5–1.5 cm;

blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 5–12.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, base acute, margins entire, antrorsely ciliate, apex acute acuminate, rarely obtuse, faces glabrous or pubescent and, usually, with antrorse prickles along midvein abaxially and adaxially.

Inflorescences

terminal, 5–20 × 7-18 mm;

peduncle 10–40 mm, glabrous or stipitate-glandular in distal 1/5;

ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate.

racemelike, uninterrupted or interrupted proximally, 20–45 × 5–10 mm;

peduncle 20–40 mm, usually stipitate-glandular at least proximally;

ocreolae usually overlapping, sometimes not overlapping proximally, margins eciliate.

Pedicels

spreading, 0.5–1 mm.

mostly ascending, 2–3 mm.

Flowers

1–5 per ocreate fascicle;

perianth greenish white proximally, pinkish distally, urceolate, glabrous, nonaccrescent;

tepals 5, elliptic, 2–3 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

stamens 8, filaments distinct, free;

anthers pink to red, elliptic;

styles 3, connate to middle or distally.

2–4 per ocreate fascicle;

perianth pale green, often tinged red, glabrous, accrescent, not becoming blue and fleshy in fruit;

tepals 5, connate 1/4–1/3 their length, petaloid, elliptic to broadly elliptic, 3–4 mm, apex obtuse;

stamens 8, filaments distinct, free;

anthers pink, ovate;

styles 2, connate to middle.

Achenes

included, reddish brown to brownish black, 3-gonous, 1.5–2.2 × 1–1.5 mm, shiny, smooth or minutely punctate.

included, black, biconvex, 2.5–3 × 2.3–2.8 mm, dull, rugose.

Persicaria capitata

Persicaria bungeana

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Disturbed, urban places Cultivated fields
Elevation 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) 300-400 m (1000-1300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; LA; OR; Asia (Bhutan, w China, n India, Nepal) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in the Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
IA; IL; MN; e Asia (n China, Japan, Korea, Manchuria) [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Persicaria capitata is planted as a garden groundcover. It escapes infrequently in the flora area; once established outside of cultivation it can be difficult to eradicate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Persicaria bungeana is a weed of soybean fields (R. N. Andersen et al. 1985). It is not known how or when it was introduced into the midwestern United States.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 579. FNA vol. 5, p. 578.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Cephalophilon Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Echinocaulon
Sibling taxa
P. amphibia, P. arifolia, P. bicornis, P. bungeana, P. careyi, P. chinensis, P. glabra, P. hirsuta, P. hydropiper, P. hydropiperoides, P. lapathifolia, P. longiseta, P. maculosa, P. meisneriana, P. minor, P. nepalensis, P. orientalis, P. pensylvanica, P. perfoliata, P. punctata, P. robustior, P. sagittata, P. setacea, P. virginiana, P. wallichii
P. amphibia, P. arifolia, P. bicornis, P. capitata, P. careyi, P. chinensis, P. glabra, P. hirsuta, P. hydropiper, P. hydropiperoides, P. lapathifolia, P. longiseta, P. maculosa, P. meisneriana, P. minor, P. nepalensis, P. orientalis, P. pensylvanica, P. perfoliata, P. punctata, P. robustior, P. sagittata, P. setacea, P. virginiana, P. wallichii
Synonyms Polygonum capitatum Polygonum bungeanum
Name authority (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) H. Gross: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 277. (1913) (Turczaninow) Nakai: in T. Mori, Enum. Pl. Corea, 131. (1922)
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