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pink smartweed

Carey's smartweed, renouée de Carey

Habit Plants annual, 2–18 dm; roots also rarely arising from basal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent. Plants annual, 3–15(–20) dm; roots also rarely arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes and stolons absent.
Stems

ascending to erect, rarely decumbent, branched, ribbed, glabrous or appressed-pubescent to spreading-pubescent distally, stipitate-glandular or, rarely, without stipitate-glands.

erect, branched distally, ribbed distally, hirsute proximally, stipitate-glandular distally, usually smooth proximally.

Leaves

ocrea brownish, cylindric, 6–20 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1 mm, surface glabrous or scabrous proximally, eglandular;

petiole 0.1–1.5(–2.3) cm, glabrous or appressed-pubescent;

blade sometimes with dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.3–13(–18) × (0.4–)1–2.3 cm, base tapered to cuneate, margins antrorsely scabrous, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or appressed-pubescent along midveins, glandular-punctate abaxially.

ocrea brownish to reddish brown, cylindric, 8–20 mm, chartaceous, base inflated or not, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 2–7 mm, surface strigose to hirsute, not glandular-punctate, rarely stipitate-glandular;

petiole (0.1–)0.5–1.5 cm, hirsute, leaves sometimes sessile;

blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, narrowly lanceolate, 6–18 × 1–3.5 cm, base tapering, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acuminate to attenuate, faces sparingly hirsute abaxially and adaxially, veins often hirsute, sometimes stipitate-glandular.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary, erect, uninterrupted, 8–60 × 10–18 mm;

peduncle 8–60(–70) mm, glabrous or pubescent, usually stipitate-glandular;

ocreolae overlapping, margins eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 0.8 mm.

terminal and axillary, nodding or drooping, usually interrupted, 10–100 × 5–10 mm;

peduncle 20–50 mm, stipitate-glandular;

ocreolae overlapping or not overlapping proximally, margins eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 1.3 mm.

Pedicels

ascending, 1.5–5 mm.

ascending to spreading, 1–4 mm.

Flowers

2–11 per ocreate fascicle, heterostylous;

perianth pink, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, accrescent;

tepals 5, connate ca. 1/4–1/3 their length, obovate to elliptic, 3–4.6 mm, veins prominent, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded;

stamens 6–8, included or exserted;

anthers pink or red, elliptic;

styles 2(–3), included or exserted, connate at bases.

(1–)2–8 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous;

perianth roseate or purple, glabrous, not glandular-punctate, scarcely accrescent;

tepals 5, connate in proximal 1/3, obovate, 2.4–3.2 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded;

stamens 5 (or 8), included;

anthers pink, elliptic;

styles 2, connate to middle.

Achenes

included or apex exserted, brownish black to black, discoid or, rarely, 3-gonous, 1 side usually slightly concave and other with central hump, (2–)2.2–2.9 × 2–2.8(–3) mm, shiny, smooth.

included, dark brown to black, biconvex, 1.8–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, shiny, smooth.

Persicaria bicornis

Persicaria careyi

Phenology Flowering Jun–Oct. Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat Moist, disturbed places, permanent and ephemeral wetlands, ditches, cultivated fields, shorelines of ponds and reservoirs Low thickets, swamps, bogs, moist shorelines, clearings, recent burns, cultivated ground
Elevation 50-1600 m (200-5200 ft) 0-300 m (0-1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CO; IA; IL; KS; LA; MO; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; DE; FL; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; NB; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Persicaria bicornis is a characteristic smartweed of permanent and ephemeral wetlands and moist, disturbed sites in the Great Plains. It often has been included in P. pensylvanica but can be distinguished readily by its heterostylous flowers. The achenes, which usually bear an obscure or prominent hump in the center of one face, also are diagnostic. This hump often ruptures the side of the perianth on fruiting herbarium specimens. Persicaria bicornis also has leaf blades that are on average narrower than are those of P. pensylvanica, and populations exhibit less variation in perianth color. As in P. pensylvanica, flowers with three styles and trigonous achenes are produced very rarely.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

An infusion made from entire plants of Persicaria careyi was used by the Potawatomi as a cold remedy and febrifuge (D. E. Moerman 1998).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 5, p. 589. FNA vol. 5, p. 592.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Persicaria > sect. Persicaria
Sibling taxa
P. amphibia, P. arifolia, P. bungeana, P. capitata, P. careyi, P. chinensis, P. glabra, P. hirsuta, P. hydropiper, P. hydropiperoides, P. lapathifolia, P. longiseta, P. maculosa, P. meisneriana, P. minor, P. nepalensis, P. orientalis, P. pensylvanica, P. perfoliata, P. punctata, P. robustior, P. sagittata, P. setacea, P. virginiana, P. wallichii
P. amphibia, P. arifolia, P. bicornis, P. bungeana, P. capitata, P. chinensis, P. glabra, P. hirsuta, P. hydropiper, P. hydropiperoides, P. lapathifolia, P. longiseta, P. maculosa, P. meisneriana, P. minor, P. nepalensis, P. orientalis, P. pensylvanica, P. perfoliata, P. punctata, P. robustior, P. sagittata, P. setacea, P. virginiana, P. wallichii
Synonyms Polygonum bicorne, P. longistyla, Polygonum longistylum Polygonum careyi
Name authority (Rafinesque) Nieuwland: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 201. (1914) (Olney) Greene: Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 24. (1904)
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