Peritoma serrulata |
Peritoma multicaulis |
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guaco, guaco Rocky Mountain bee-plant, Rocky Mountain bee-plant, spider-flower, stinking bee-plant, stinking-clover, stinkweed |
spiderflower |
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Habit | Annuals, 30–80 cm. | Annuals, 20–60 cm. |
Stems | sparsely branched; glabrous or glabrate. |
unbranched or sparsely branched; glabrous. |
Leaves | (stipules bristlelike), petiole 1.5–3.5 cm; leaflets 3, blade elliptic, 2–6 × 0.6–1.5 cm, margins entire, weakly sinuate, or serrulate, apex acute, long-acuminate, or mucronate, surfaces glabrate (margins with sparse, relatively long hairs when young). |
petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; leaflets 3, blade linear to elliptic, 1–2 × 0.1 cm, margins entire, apex long-acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
Racemes | 1–4 cm (4–30 cm in fruit); bracts unifoliate, obovate, 4–22 mm. |
1–3 cm (6–40 cm in fruit); bracts unifoliate, obovate to spatulate, 2–15 mm. |
Pedicels | (green to purple), 8–20 mm. |
7–15 mm. |
Flowers | sepals persistent, connate 1/2–2/3 of length, purple to green, lanceolate, 1.7–4 × 1–2 mm, margins denticulate, glabrous; petals purple (rarely white), oblong to ovate, 7–12 × 3–6 mm; stamens purple, 18–24 mm; anthers (green), 2–2.3 mm; gynophore 1–15 mm in fruit; ovary 5–7 mm; style 0.1–0.5 mm. |
sepals persistent, distinct or slightly connate basally, yellow, lanceolate, 1.6–2.6 × 0.8–1.2 mm, margins denticulate, glabrous; petals white, pink, or rose, oblong to ovate, 4–5 × 1–1.3 mm; stamens yellow, 4–5 mm; anthers 1.9–2.6 mm; gynophore 10–20 mm in fruit; ovary 3–6 mm; style 0.5–0.8 mm. |
Capsules | (erect) not inflated, 23–76 × 3–6(–7) mm, striate, (glabrous). |
(reflexed) not inflated, 15–25 × 1.5 mm, striate, (glabrous). |
Seeds | 12–38, black, globose or horseshoe-shaped, 2.8–4 × 2.5–3 mm, rugose. |
10–20, gray to black, triangular (sharply angled), 6–15 × 2–2.5 mm, (acute at both ends) rugose. |
2n | = 34, 60. |
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Peritoma serrulata |
Peritoma multicaulis |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Shortgrass and mixed grass prairies, pastures, pinyon pine and juniper woodland, desert scrub, roadsides, stabilized sand dunes | Dry to moist open ground, often in saline or volcanic soils |
Elevation | (100-) 300-2500(-2900) m ((300-) 1000-8200(-9500) ft) | 700-2000(-2300) m (2300-6600(-7500) ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; MA; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OH; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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AZ; CO; NM; TX; WY; Mexico (Coahuila, Distrito Federal, Jalisco, México, Sonora) |
Discussion | Most collections of Peritoma serrulata from the northeastern and midwestern United States apparently represent non-persistent waifs or garden escapes. The species has been cultivated as a source of nectar for honeybees since ca. 1880 (L. H. Bailey 1900–1902). It shows considerable variation in fruit size, even within populations. The variation may reflect environmental influences, especially water availability, rather than genetics (H. H. Iltis 1952). The seeds and leaves of Peritoma serrulata are consumed by the Navajo as food and provide a source of black dye. The leaves have been used as a remedy for insect bites, inflammation, and intestinal upsets (L. S. M. Curtin 1947). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 207. | FNA vol. 7, p. 208. |
Parent taxa | Cleomaceae > Peritoma | Cleomaceae > Peritoma |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cleome serrulata, Cleome serrulata subsp. angusta, P. inornata, P. serrulata var. albiflora, P. serrulata var. clavata | Cleome multicaulis, Cleome sonorae, P. sonorae |
Name authority | (Pursh) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 237. (1824) | (de Candolle) H. H. Iltis: Novon 17: 449. (2007) |
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