Perideridia bolanderi |
Perideridia americana |
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Bolander's Yampah, olasi |
eastern Yampah, Osage perideridia, thicket parsley, wild dill |
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| Habit | Herbs 15–90 cm; roots tuberous, 1 or 2–3-clustered, 1–7 cm. | Herbs 70–150 cm, not glaucous; roots tuberous, 2–3-clustered, 2–4 cm. | ||||
| Leaves | basal 2–4 pinnate; petiole 2–15 cm; blade deltate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 10–20 cm, most primary leaflets dissected, ultimate divisions monomorphic or dimorphic (terminal more elongate than laterals), oblong to filiform, 5–60 mm (terminal sometimes to 80 mm), margins usually toothed or lobed; cauline leaves usually 1-ternate or 1-ternate-pinnate. |
basal 2–4 pinnate; petiole 3–10 cm; rachis not inflated; blade oblong-lanceolate, 15–30 cm, most primary leaflets dissected, ultimate divisions monomorphic, oblong or linear-lanceolate, 5–50 × 1–4 mm, flat, margins entire; cauline leaves usually 2–3 pinnate. |
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| Peduncles | 2–20 cm. |
5–17 cm. |
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| Umbels | involucral bracts 8–12, linear to narrowly lanceolate; rays 9–23, 1–2 cm, subequal, ascending or spreading-ascending; involucel bractlets 4–10, obovate or lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3–9 mm, widely scarious-margined or entirely scarious, apex acuminate; umbellets convex, 18–30-flowered. |
convex distally; involucral bracts 1–6, bristle-shaped; rays (6–)9–20, 3–9 cm some 5+ cm in fruit, ± equal, spreading-ascending; involucel bractlets 8–14, ovate-lanceolate, 1–4 mm; umbellets convex, 15–23-flowered. |
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| Pedicels | 2–5 mm. |
6–15 mm. |
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| Flowers | petals 1-veined; styles 2 mm, spreading and usually recurved. |
petals 3–5-veined; styles 1 mm, spreading and usually recurved. |
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| Schizocarps | oblong; mericarps 4–6 mm; ribs threadlike; oil ducts 2–3 in intervals, 4 on commissure. |
oblong to ovoid; mericarps 3–5 mm; ribs threadlike; oil ducts 3 in intervals, 4 on commissure. |
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| 2n | = 40. |
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Perideridia bolanderi |
Perideridia americana |
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| Phenology | Flowering mid May–Jun; fruiting Jul–early Aug. | |||||
| Habitat | Open woodlands, wet prairies, glades, barrens, often on limestone, sometimes on shale or sandstone. | |||||
| Elevation | 100–600 m. [300–2000 ft.] | |||||
| Distribution |
w United States
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AL; AR; IL; IN; KS; KY; MO; MS; OH; OK; TN
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| Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Perideridia bolanderi is distinguishable from all other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: ultimate divisions of the basal leaves dimorphic, or if homomorphic, less than 1 mm wide; bracts and bractlets broad, conspicuously scarious, and cuspidate or acuminate, or if only broadly scarious-margined and acuminate, the bracts persistent at maturity; and mericarps oblong with 2–3 oil ducts in the intervals. Although the two subspecies share this combination of characters, phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data shows that they do not form a monophyletic group, though this separation is only weakly supported (S. R. Downie et al. 2004). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Perideridia americana is the only member of the genus native to the midwestern United States. It is easily distinguished from other Perideridia species by its long pedicels, very short involucel bractlets, numerous (more than 12) root steles, and its geographic distribution. It is rare in parts of its range and may be extirpated in Ohio. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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| Key |
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| Synonyms | Podosciadium bolanderi | Eulophus americanus | ||||
| Name authority | (A. Gray) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride: Bot. Gaz. 61: 33. (1916) | (Nuttall ex de Candolle) Reichenbach ex Steudel: Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 1: 605. (1840) | ||||
| Source | FNA vol. 13. | FNA vol. 13. | ||||
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