Peraphyllum |
Rosaceae subfam. amygdaloideae |
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apple, peraphyllum, squaw apple, wild crabapple |
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Habit | Shrubs, to 20 dm. | Shrubs or trees, sometimes subshrubs or herbs. |
Stems | 1–50, ascending, forming clumps, much branched; bark gray, smooth; long and short shoots present; unarmed; slightly hairy. |
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Leaves | deciduous, cauline, simple; stipules soon deciduous, adnate to petiole and base of blade, triangular, margins entire or serrulate; petiole short or absent; blade elliptic to oblanceolate or linear, 1–6 cm, coriaceous, margins flat, entire or serrulate, venation pinnate, camptodromous, apex with deciduous gland, surfaces sparsely pubescent. |
alternate, sometimes opposite, simple, sometimes pinnately compound; stipules present or absent. |
Inflorescences | terminal usually on short shoots, 1–3-flowered, cymose, sparsely to moderately hairy; bracts absent; bracteoles absent. |
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Pedicels | present. |
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Flowers | developing after leaves, perianth and androecium epigynous, 10–20 mm diam.; hypanthium funnel-shaped, 2–4 mm diam., glabrous; sepals 5, ascending to spreading, triangular; petals 5, white or pinkish, obovate to orbiculate, base clawed; stamens 15–20, shorter than petals; carpels 2 or 3, connate, adnate to hypanthium, appearing 4–6-loculed by false partitions, styles 2 or 3, terminal, connate; ovules 2. |
torus absent or minute; carpels 1–5(–8), distinct or +/- connate (Maleae), free or +/- adnate to hypanthium (many Maleae), styles distinct or +/- connate (some Maleae); ovules (1 or)2(–5+), collateral, clustered, or biseriate. |
Fruits | berrylike pomes, yellow-orange, globose to ellipsoid, 8–18 mm, glabrous; bitter tasting; hypanthium persistent; sepals persistent, erect to recurved; carpels cartilaginous; styles persistent. |
follicles aggregated or not, capsules, drupes aggregated or not, aggregated drupelets, pomes, or aggregated nutlets, rarely achenes or aggregated achenes; styles persistent or deciduous, not elongate (elongate in Gillenieae). |
Seeds | 1–6. |
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x | = 17. |
= 8, 9, 15, 17. |
Peraphyllum |
Rosaceae subfam. amygdaloideae |
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Distribution |
w United States |
HI; North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands (Madeira); Australia |
Discussion | Species 1. Peraphyllum shares with Amelanchier and Malacomeles the feature of false partitions within the carpels that partially divide the locules and make the fruit appear to have twice as many locules as the number of carpels (G. N. Jones 1945; K. R. Robertson et al. 1991; J. R. Rohrer et al. 1991). Sequences from multiple chloroplast and nuclear genes indicate that Amelanchier and Peraphyllum are sister taxa (C. S. Campbell et al. 2007). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyanogenic glycosides are usually present in Amygdaloideae; sorbitol is present. The name Amygdaloideae Arnott (1832) has priority over Spiraeoideae Arnott (1832), used by D. Potter et al. (2007), because Amygdalaceae (1820) is an earlier conserved name. Tribes 9, genera 55, species ca. 1300 (9 tribes, 38 genera, 361 species, including 20 hybrids, in the flora) (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 662. | FNA vol. 9, p. 345. |
Parent taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | Nuttall: in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 474. (1840) | Arnott: Botany, 107. (1832) |
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