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bluemist penstemon, Front Range beardtongue, green beardtongue

pine-leaf beardtongue, pineneedle beardtongue, pineneedle penstemon

Habit Herbs.
Stems

ascending to erect, 10–40 cm, puberulent or retrorsely hairy proximally, rarely glabrous, glandular-pubescent distally, not glaucous.

erect, (5–)10–50 cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed.

Leaves

basal and cauline, not leathery, glabrous;

basal and proximal cauline 20–102 × 4–15 mm, blade lanceolate to oblanceolate or spatulate, base tapered, margins serrulate or denticulate, sometimes entire, apex obtuse to acute;

cauline (2 or)3–5 pairs, sessile, 18–50(–70) × 3–14 mm, blade ovate to lanceolate, base tapered to clasping, margins serrulate or denticulate, sometimes entire, apex acute to acuminate.

leathery, sparsely retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, especially along margins, or glabrous;

cauline 10–30 pairs, sessile, 4–32 × 0.5–1.2 mm, blade linear, base tapered to clasping, apex acuminate.

Thyrses

interrupted or continuous, cylindric, 5–18 cm, axis glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 3–6(–8), cymes 2–5-flowered, 2 per node;

proximal bracts ovate to lanceolate, 6–40 × 2–10 mm, margins entire or serrulate to denticulate;

peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, puberulent or glandular-pubescent.

interrupted, secund, (1–)3–15 cm, axis retrorsely hairy to puberulent, or glabrous, verticillasters 1–7, cymes 1–3-flowered, 1(or 2) per node;

proximal bracts linear, 3–14 × 0.3–1 mm;

peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, glandular-pubescent, sometimes puberulent.

Flowers

calyx lobes ovate to lanceolate, 2–4.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, glandular-pubescent;

corolla blue to light purple or violet, with reddish purple to bluish purple nectar guides, funnelform, 10–16(–18) mm, glandular-pubescent externally, moderately white-pilose internally abaxially, tube 4–5 mm, throat 3–5 mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included, pollen sacs divergent to opposite, navicular, 0.6–0.8 mm, dehiscing completely, connective splitting, sides glabrous, sutures smooth or ± papillate;

staminode 8–10 mm, included or reaching orifice, 0.2–0.3 mm diam., tip straight to slightly recurved, distal 4–5 mm moderately to densely villous, hairs golden yellow, to 1.3 mm;

style 8–11 mm.

calyx lobes lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–2 mm, scarious-margined, glandular-pubescent, hairs pointed;

corolla scarlet, throat sometimes yellow or yellow- or orange-spotted, unlined internally, salverform, 25–32 mm, yellow-lanate internally abaxially, tube 4–6 mm, throat slightly inflated, 4–5 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens exserted (often hidden by galeate adaxial lobes), filaments glabrous, pollen sacs opposite, explanate, 0.8–1 mm, sutures smooth;

staminode 12–17 mm, included, slightly flattened distally, 0.1–0.2 mm diam., tip straight, distal 9–10 mm densely pilose, hairs yellow, to 1.3 mm;

style 21–27 mm.

Capsules

5–7 × 2–3 mm, glabrous.

5–9 × 3–4 mm.

2n

= 16.

= 16.

Penstemon virens

Penstemon pinifolius

Phenology Flowering May–Aug. Flowering Jun–Jul(–Sep).
Habitat Rocky or gravelly soils, shortgrass prairies, foothills, and mountain meadows. Rocky slopes, cliffs.
Elevation 1600–2600 m. (5200–8500 ft.) 1800–3100 m. (5900–10200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Penstemon virens is known in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains from Raton Mesa in south-central Colorado to the eastern Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow and Laramie mountains of southeastern Wyoming.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Penstemon pinifolius has been included as an anomalous member of sect. Leptostemon Trautvetter; R. M. Straw (1962) expressed doubt about that association. It was allied with members of sect. Caespitosi in the molecular study by A. D. Wolfe et al. (2006).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 226. FNA vol. 17, p. 105.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Caespitosi
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Name authority Pennell ex Rydberg: Fl. Rocky Mts., 773, 1066. (1917) — (as Pentstemon) Greene: Bot. Gaz. 6: 218. (1881) — (as Pentstemon)
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