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Sonoran beardtongue

Grinnell's beardtongue

Habit Herbs.
Stems

20–90 cm, retrorsely hairy, sometimes glabrescent.

ascending to erect, 10–90 cm, glaucous or not.

Leaves

glabrous or retrorsely hairy;

basal and proximal cauline 16–80 × 3–10 mm, blade oblanceolate to lanceolate, base tapered, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute;

cauline 6–15(–20) pairs, 45–150 × 1–6 mm, blade linear, base tapered, apex acute to acuminate.

basal and proximal cauline 31–90 × 11–20 mm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic, base tapered, margins finely to coarsely dentate, apex rounded to obtuse;

cauline 3–6 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, (15–)30–90 × 4–30 mm, blade lanceolate to ovate-oblong, base tapered, margins coarsely dentate, distals sometimes entire, apex obtuse or acute.

Thyrses

cylindric to ± secund, 10–35 cm, axis glabrous, verticillasters (2–)5–8, cymes (1 or)2–4(or 5)-flowered;

proximal bracts linear, 8–30(–80) × 0.5–2 mm;

peduncles and pedicels glabrous or pedicels rarely glandular-pubescent.

interrupted, cylindric, (5–)7–34 cm, axis sparsely to densely glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 4–10, cymes 2–4-flowered;

proximal bracts ovate to lanceolate, 5–50 × 2–18 mm;

peduncles and pedicels spreading to ascending, glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

calyx lobes elliptic to ovate, 4.2–7(–8.5) × 2–2.6(–3.5) mm, glabrous, rarely glandular-pubescent;

corolla violet to blue, lavender, or purple, lined internally abaxially with reddish purple nectar guides, ventricose, 23–37 mm, glabrous internally, tube 7–10 mm, throat abruptly inflated, 9–10 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included, pollen sacs parallel to divergent, 1.6–1.8 mm, sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.2 mm;

staminode 20–23 mm, exserted, 1.8–2.6 mm diam.;

style 20–24 mm.

calyx lobes ovate, 4.5–8.5 × (2–)2.9–3.2 mm, glandular-pubescent;

corolla white to pink or light lavender to light blue or light violet, with reddish purple nectar guides, strongly bilabiate, ventricose-ampliate, 22–35 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, glandular-pubescent internally, also white-villous abaxially, tube 5–8 mm, length 0.9–1.2 times calyx lobes, throat abruptly inflated, constricted at orifice, 10–18 mm diam., rounded abaxially;

stamens included, filaments of shorter pair glandular-puberulent proximally, pollen sacs navicular to subexplanate, 1.6–2.2 mm, sutures smooth;

staminode 20–22 mm, exserted, 0.4–0.8 mm diam., tip recurved, distal 8–10 mm densely lanate, hairs yellowish or whitish, to 4 mm;

proximal 6–8 mm densely glandular-pubescent;

style 15–18 mm, glabrous.

Capsules

9–15 × 6–9 mm.

10–14 × 5–8 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 16.

Penstemon stenophyllus

Penstemon grinnellii

Phenology Flowering Jul–Oct. Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Desert grasslands, openings in pine and pine-oak woodlands. Chaparral, foothills, pine-juniper woodlands, pine forests.
Elevation 1200–1700 m. (3900–5600 ft.) 500–2700 m. (1600–8900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

In the flora area, Penstemon stenophyllus is known from the Huachuca and Patagonia mountains in Cochise and Santa Cruz counties. In Mexico, populations occur primarily along the Sierra Madre Occidental southward to central Durango at elevations to 2300 m.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Two varieties of Penstemon grinnellii have been recognized. Variety grinnellii, with non-glaucous stems 10–60 cm and corollas white to pink and 22–30 mm, has been reported from the Western Transverse and Peninsular ranges, and in the San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and San Jacinto mountains. Variety scrophularioides, with glaucous stems 45–90 cm and corollas light lavender, light blue, or light violet and 26–35 mm, has been reported in the San Francisco Bay Area, southern Sierra Nevada and South Coast and Western Transverse ranges. Characteristics that distinguish the varieties overlap in some populations.

Penstemon ×peirsonii Munz & I. M. Johnston, a putative hybrid between P. grinnellii and P. speciosus, and P. ×dubius Davidson, a putative hybrid between P. centranthifolius and P. grinnellii, both have been reported from California (D. D. Keck 1937b).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 109. FNA vol. 17, p. 251.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Chamaeleon Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Spectabiles
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Synonyms P. grinnellii subsp. scrophularioides, P. grinnellii var. scrophularioides, P. scrophularioides
Name authority A. Gray: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 112. (1859) — (as Pentstemon) Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 207. (1905) — (as Pentstemon)
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