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cliff beardtongue, cliff penstemon, rock penstemon

Habit Subshrubs, cespitose. Herbs, shrubs, or subshrubs.
Stems

ascending to erect, 3–16 cm, puberulent to pubescent, not glaucous.

glabrous or retrorsely hairy, sometimes glandular-pubescent distally, glaucous or not.

Leaves

persistent, 3–8 pairs, distals usually distinctly smaller than proximals, short-petiolate or sessile, 4–22 × 3–14 mm, blade round to elliptic or spatulate, base tapered to cuneate, margins ± serrate, apex rounded to obtuse, rarely acute, glabrous or hairy, usually glaucous.

cauline, opposite, rarely subopposite (P. lyallii), leathery, sometimes not (P. lyallii, P. personatus), glabrous or hairy, glaucous or not;

cauline petiolate, short-petiolate, or sessile, blade round, orbiculate, ovate, obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, elliptic, or oblong, rarely linear, margins entire or toothed.

Thyrses

continuous, ± secund, 1–3 cm, axis hairy proximally, pubescent or glandular-pubescent distally, verticillasters 1–3, cymes 1-flowered;

proximal bracts elliptic to ovate, 3–9 × 2–6 mm;

peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, glandular-pubescent.

continuous or interrupted, ± secund, rarely cylindric or conic, axis hairy, rarely glabrous, cymes 2 per node;

peduncles and pedicels spreading or ascending to erect.

Flowers

calyx lobes lanceolate-elliptic to oblong, 6–11 × 2–2.8 mm, glandular-pubescent;

corolla pink to red, pinkish lavender, or rose red, essentially unlined internally but abaxial ridges usually white, not personate, funnelform, 25–36 mm, glabrous externally, glabrous internally or sparsely white-lanate abaxially, tube 8–12 mm, throat 6–8 mm diam.;

stamens: longer pair exserted, pollen sacs 1–1.5 mm;

staminode 13–15 mm, slightly flattened distally, 0.1 mm diam., tip straight, glabrous or distal 1–2 mm sparsely villous, hairs yellow, to 0.8 mm;

style 26–30 mm.

calyx lobes: margins entire or erose, ± scarious or herbaceous, glandular-pubescent, rarely glabrous or inconspicuously glandular;

corolla lilac, lavender, blue, violet, purple, pink, red, scarlet, or white, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate, personate or not, funnelform, rarely tubular-funnelform, glabrous externally, rarely glandular-pubescent, hairy internally abaxially, rarely glabrous, throat gradually inflated, not constricted at orifice, 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included or longer pair exserted, filaments glabrous, pollen sacs opposite;

staminode 0.1–0.4 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, glabrous or distal 10–50% hairy, hairs to 1.5 mm;

style glabrous.

Capsules

7–9 × 5–7 mm.

glabrous.

Seeds

brown, 0.8–4 mm.

2n

= 16.

Penstemon rupicola

Penstemon sect. Erianthera

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jul.
Habitat Cliffs, rock outcrops.
Elevation 60–2400 m. (200–7900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
w North America
Discussion

Penstemon rupicola occurs largely in the Siskiyou Mountains and Cascade Range from northern California to northern Washington. It is partly sympatric with and forms hybrids with P. cardwellii, P. davidsonii var. davidsonii, and P. fruticosus var. fruticosus (A. D. Every 1977). Hybrids between P. rupicola and P. davidsonii var. davidsonii are encountered frequently in the vicinity of Crater Lake National Park and Mt. Hood (Every).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 10 (10 in the flora).

Morphologic and molecular data support inclusion of Penstemon personatus in sect. Erianthera (A. D. Wolfe et al. 2006). D. D. Keck (1936b) placed P. personatus in sect. Cryptostemon D. D. Keck; that name is invalid, because it lacked a diagnosis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pollen sac sides glabrous.
P. personatus
1. Pollen sac sides lanate.
→ 2
2. Thyrse axes glabrous.
P. barrettiae
2. Thyrse axes glandular-pubescent at least distally, sometimes also retrorsely hairy.
→ 3
3. Cymes 2–7-flowered; staminodes 10–13 mm; stems (18–)30–80 cm; leaves 8–13 pairs, blades lanceolate, rarely linear, 23–130 × 3–20 mm.
P. lyallii
3. Cymes 1-flowered; staminodes 7–16 mm; stems 3–40 cm; leaves 2–10 pairs, blades orbiculate, obovate, spatulate, oblanceolate, ovate, elliptic, broadly lanceolate, or round, 4–55(–60) × 3–17(–28) mm.
→ 4
4. Leaves: distals seldom distinctly smaller than proximals, all deciduous, sometimes persistent.
→ 5
5. Leaves glabrous, not glaucous; leaf blades obovate to ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, margins ± crenulate-serrulate; thyrses cylindric to ± secund.
P. ellipticus
5. Leaves glabrous or puberulent, or puberulent and glandular-pubescent, glaucous or not; leaf blades obovate to oblanceolate, ovate, lanceolate, or elliptic, margins entire, subentire, serrate, or dentate; thyrses secund.
P. montanus
4. Leaves: distals usually distinctly smaller than proximals, all persistent.
→ 6
6. Leaf blades lanceolate to oblanceolate or elliptic, not glaucous.
P. fruticosus
6. Leaf blades round, elliptic, obovate, ovate, orbiculate, or spatulate, glaucous or not.
→ 7
7. Corollas blue, lavender, violet, or purple; leaves ± or not glaucous; stamens included.
→ 8
8. Thyrses 5–14 cm, ± interrupted; proximal bract margins serrate, sometimes entire; stems 10–27 cm.
P. cardwellii
8. Thyrses 1–6 cm, continuous; proximal bract margins entire; stems 4–10(–17) cm.
P. davidsonii
7. Corollas pink, red, rose red, scarlet, pinkish lavender, lavender, or purple; leaves usually glaucous; stamens: longer pair exserted (included in P. newberryi var. berryi).
→ 9
9. Verticillasters 4–12; corollas moderately to densely white-lanate internally abaxially.
P. newberryi
9. Verticillasters 1–3; corollas glabrous internally or sparsely white-lanate abaxially.
P. rupicola
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 92. FNA vol. 17, p. 85.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Dasanthera > sect. Erianthera Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Dasanthera
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Subordinate taxa
P. barrettiae, P. cardwellii, P. davidsonii, P. ellipticus, P. fruticosus, P. lyallii, P. montanus, P. newberryi, P. personatus, P. rupicola
Synonyms P. newberryi var. rupicola
Name authority (Piper) Howell: Fl. N.W. Amer., 510. (1901) — (as Pentstemon) G. Don: Gen. Hist. 4: 639. (1837) — (as Pentstemon)
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