cup-leaf beardtongue, scarlet beardtongue
|
royal beardtongue, royal penstemon, showy beardtongue, showy penstemon
|
ascending to erect, 50–100(–150) cm, glabrous. |
decumbent to ascending or erect, 7–65(–90) cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy to pubescent, not glaucous. |
basal and cauline, glabrous; basal and proximal cauline 40–100 × (8–)14–30 mm, blade spatulate to ovate, base tapered, apex rounded to obtuse, rarely retuse; cauline 5–9 pairs, sessile, 12–110 × 16–70 mm, blade oblong to ovate, base clasping to connate-perfoliate, apex obtuse to acute. |
basal and cauline, basal sometimes absent, ± leathery or not, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, not glaucous; basal and proximal cauline (25–)30–90(–140) × (3–)6–20(–35) mm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic or lanceolate, base tapered, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute; cauline 3–8 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, 35–70(–150) × 3–20(–30) mm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic, lanceolate, or linear, base tapered to clasping, apex obtuse to acute. |
interrupted, cylindric, 15–50 cm, axis glabrous, verticillasters 6–10(–16), cymes 1–5-flowered; proximal bracts ovate, 9–45 × 14–40 mm; peduncles and pedicels glabrous. |
continuous, secund or cylindric, (1–)3–35 cm, axis glabrous or puberulent, rarely glandular or glandular-pubescent, verticillasters (2–)4–14, cymes 1–4-flowered, 2 per node; proximal bracts lanceolate, rarely ovate or linear, (15–)20–80 × (1–)2–23 mm; peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, rarely glandular-pubescent, peduncles to 20 mm, pedicels 1–8 mm. |
calyx lobes lanceolate, 4.5–7 × 1.8–2.9 mm, margins entire, narrowly scarious, glabrous; corolla red, without nectar guides, tubular-funnelform, 32–36 mm, glabrous externally, glabrous internally, tube 8–11 mm, throat abruptly inflated, 9–12 mm diam., rounded abaxially; stamens exserted, pollen sacs opposite, explanate, 1.3–1.7 mm, sutures smooth; staminode 18–20 mm, exserted, 0.2–0.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, glabrous; style 24–31 mm. |
calyx lobes ovate to lanceolate, rarely obovate, (4–)6–11(–13.5) × 2–4 mm, margins erose, apex acute to acuminate or cuspidate, glabrous or ± glandular proximally; corolla blue to violet, with reddish purple nectar guides, ventricose, 25–35 mm, glabrous externally, glabrous, rarely sparsely white-pilose, internally abaxially, tube 8–13 mm, throat gradually inflated, slightly constricted at orifice, 7–10(–13) mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially; stamens: longer pair reaching orifice, pollen sacs divergent, sigmoid, (1.8–)2–3 mm, dehiscing incompletely, proximal 1/3 indehiscent, connective not splitting, sides glabrous or sparsely hispidulous, hairs tan, to 0.3 mm, sutures papillate or denticulate, teeth to 0.1 mm; staminode 14–18 mm, included, 0.6–1 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, glabrous or distal 1–7 mm sparsely pilose, hairs yellow to yellowish orange, to 0.8 mm; style 18–23 mm. |
9–13 × 6–10 mm. |
10–16 × 6–8 mm. |
|
= 16. |
|
|
|
|
Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Flowering May–Aug(–Sep). |
Sandy soils, deciduous and pine woodlands, sandhill prairies. |
Sagebrush shrublands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, clearings in pine forests. |
10–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
300–3300 m. (1000–10800 ft.) |
AR; LA; OK; TX
|
CA; ID; NV; OR; UT; WA
|
F. S. Crosswhite and C. D. Crosswhite (1981) hypothesized that Penstemon murrayanus was derived from P. grandiflorus, with which it shares many morphologic features. The two species have been crossed artificially, yielding hybrids that once were commercially popular (G. Viehmeyer 1958; R. Nold 1999). Molecular data support the sister relationship of P. murrayanus and P. grandiflorus (C. A. Wessinger et al. 2016). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Penstemon speciosus is widespread and highly polymorphic. F. S. Crosswhite (1967b) examined morphologic variation and concluded it was clinal. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
FNA vol. 17, p. 121. |
FNA vol. 17, p. 179. |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Coerulei |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Glabri |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
|
P. speciosus subsp. kennedyi |
Hooker: Bot. Mag. 63: plate 3472. (1836) — (as Pentstemon) |
Douglas ex Lindley: Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 15: plate 1270. (1829) — (as Pentstemon speciosum) |
| |