cup-leaf beardtongue, scarlet beardtongue
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pine-leaf beardtongue, pineneedle beardtongue, pineneedle penstemon
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ascending to erect, 50–100(–150) cm, glabrous. |
erect, (5–)10–50 cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed. |
basal and cauline, glabrous; basal and proximal cauline 40–100 × (8–)14–30 mm, blade spatulate to ovate, base tapered, apex rounded to obtuse, rarely retuse; cauline 5–9 pairs, sessile, 12–110 × 16–70 mm, blade oblong to ovate, base clasping to connate-perfoliate, apex obtuse to acute. |
leathery, sparsely retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, especially along margins, or glabrous; cauline 10–30 pairs, sessile, 4–32 × 0.5–1.2 mm, blade linear, base tapered to clasping, apex acuminate. |
interrupted, cylindric, 15–50 cm, axis glabrous, verticillasters 6–10(–16), cymes 1–5-flowered; proximal bracts ovate, 9–45 × 14–40 mm; peduncles and pedicels glabrous. |
interrupted, secund, (1–)3–15 cm, axis retrorsely hairy to puberulent, or glabrous, verticillasters 1–7, cymes 1–3-flowered, 1(or 2) per node; proximal bracts linear, 3–14 × 0.3–1 mm; peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, glandular-pubescent, sometimes puberulent. |
calyx lobes lanceolate, 4.5–7 × 1.8–2.9 mm, margins entire, narrowly scarious, glabrous; corolla red, without nectar guides, tubular-funnelform, 32–36 mm, glabrous externally, glabrous internally, tube 8–11 mm, throat abruptly inflated, 9–12 mm diam., rounded abaxially; stamens exserted, pollen sacs opposite, explanate, 1.3–1.7 mm, sutures smooth; staminode 18–20 mm, exserted, 0.2–0.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, glabrous; style 24–31 mm. |
calyx lobes lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–2 mm, scarious-margined, glandular-pubescent, hairs pointed; corolla scarlet, throat sometimes yellow or yellow- or orange-spotted, unlined internally, salverform, 25–32 mm, yellow-lanate internally abaxially, tube 4–6 mm, throat slightly inflated, 4–5 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially; stamens exserted (often hidden by galeate adaxial lobes), filaments glabrous, pollen sacs opposite, explanate, 0.8–1 mm, sutures smooth; staminode 12–17 mm, included, slightly flattened distally, 0.1–0.2 mm diam., tip straight, distal 9–10 mm densely pilose, hairs yellow, to 1.3 mm; style 21–27 mm. |
9–13 × 6–10 mm. |
5–9 × 3–4 mm. |
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= 16. |
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Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Flowering Jun–Jul(–Sep). |
Sandy soils, deciduous and pine woodlands, sandhill prairies. |
Rocky slopes, cliffs. |
10–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
1800–3100 m. (5900–10200 ft.) |
AR; LA; OK; TX
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AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
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F. S. Crosswhite and C. D. Crosswhite (1981) hypothesized that Penstemon murrayanus was derived from P. grandiflorus, with which it shares many morphologic features. The two species have been crossed artificially, yielding hybrids that once were commercially popular (G. Viehmeyer 1958; R. Nold 1999). Molecular data support the sister relationship of P. murrayanus and P. grandiflorus (C. A. Wessinger et al. 2016). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Penstemon pinifolius has been included as an anomalous member of sect. Leptostemon Trautvetter; R. M. Straw (1962) expressed doubt about that association. It was allied with members of sect. Caespitosi in the molecular study by A. D. Wolfe et al. (2006). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
FNA vol. 17, p. 121. |
FNA vol. 17, p. 105. |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Coerulei |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Caespitosi |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
Hooker: Bot. Mag. 63: plate 3472. (1836) — (as Pentstemon) |
Greene: Bot. Gaz. 6: 218. (1881) — (as Pentstemon) |
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