toad-flax beardtongue, toadflax penstemon
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limestone beardtongue
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ascending to erect, 8–50 cm, retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed or white, scalelike. |
ascending to erect, 5–35 cm, puberulent. |
not leathery, glabrous, glabrate, or sparsely to densely retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, sometimes appressed, white, scalelike; cauline 6–12(–20) pairs, petiolate or sessile, 4–26 × 0.5–3.5 mm, blade oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, base tapered to truncate, apex mucronate. |
basal and cauline, ± leathery, ± retrorsely hairy, sometimes glabrate abaxially; basal and proximal cauline petiolate, 15–55 × 6–25 mm, blade elliptic to broadly ovate, base tapered, rarely truncate, margins entire or remotely and obscurely serrate, apex obtuse to acute; cauline 2 or 3 pairs, sessile, 25–75 × 10–21 mm, blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, rarely ovate, base truncate to subcordate-clasping, margins entire or obscurely dentate, apex obtuse to acute. |
continuous or interrupted, ± secund, 3–17 cm, axis glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 3–9(–12), cymes 1 or 2(or 3)-flowered, 1(or 2) per node; proximal bracts lanceolate to linear, 6–25 × 0.7–1 mm; peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, and sparsely glandular-pubescent. |
continuous or interrupted, cylindric, 6–18 cm, axis glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 2–8, cymes (1–)3–7-flowered, 2 per node; proximal bracts lanceolate to ovate, 13–38 × 9–20 mm; peduncles and pedicels glandular-pubescent. |
calyx lobes ovate, rarely lanceolate, 4–7(–9) × 2–3 mm, broadly scarious-margined, apex acute to acuminate, glandular-pubescent, hairs pointed; corolla blue or lavender, lined internally abaxially with reddish purple nectar guides, ventricose-ampliate, 16–20 mm, moderately white- or yellowish villous internally abaxially, tube 5–6 mm, throat abruptly inflated, 5.5–8 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially; stamens: longer pair reaching orifice or slightly exserted, filaments glabrous, pollen sacs opposite, navicular, 0.9–1.3 mm, sutures papillate; staminode 6–8 mm, exserted, flattened distally, 0.3–0.5 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 1–5 mm densely pilose, hairs yellow or golden yellow, to 1.2 mm, rest of distal 1–7 mm glabrous or sparsely to moderately pilose; style 10–11 mm. |
calyx lobes lanceolate, 5–7.5 × 0.9–1.8 mm, glandular-pubescent; corolla pink to rose red or rose purple, with reddish nectar guides, tubular-funnelform, 12–17 mm, sparsely white-lanate internally abaxially, tube 4–5 mm, throat gradually inflated, not constricted at orifice, 2.5–4 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially; stamens included, pollen sacs opposite, subexplanate to explanate, 0.6–0.7 mm, dehiscing completely, sutures smooth; staminode 7–9 mm, included, 0.2–0.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–6 mm densely pilose, hairs golden yellow, to 0.8 mm; style 4–6 mm. |
5–9 × 3.5–5 mm. |
6–9 × 4–5.5 mm. |
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Flowering Apr–May. |
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Limestone crevices, rocky slopes, pine-juniper woodlands. |
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1200–2000 m. (3900–6600 ft.) |
AZ; CO; NM; NV; UT
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CA; NV |
Varieties 4 (4 in the flora). Penstemon linarioides is widespread and highly variable. D. D. Keck (1937) recognized seven subspecies on the basis of habit, pubescence, leaf shape, and staminode bearding. Some of the variation on which those subspecies are based appears to be clinal or too variable within or among regional populations to be of taxonomic value. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Penstemon calcareus is known from Inyo and San Bernardino counties, California, and Esmeralda County, Nevada. The later homonym, P. calcareus M. E. Jones, is referable to P. petiolatus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
1. Leaves glabrous, glabrate, retrorsely hairy, or pubescent, hairs pointed. | var. sileri |
1. Leaves sparsely to densely retrorsely hairy, hairs appressed, white, scalelike. | → 2 |
2. Cauline leaf blades oblanceolate, distals sometimes lanceolate, 1.5–3.5 mm wide. | var. maguirei |
2. Cauline leaf blades oblanceolate to linear, 0.5–2 mm wide. | → 3 |
3. Staminodes: distal 3–5 mm densely pilose, hairs golden yellow or yellow, to 1 mm, rest of distal 1–4 mm sparsely to moderately pilose. | var. linarioides |
3. Staminodes: distal 1 mm densely pilose, hairs yellow, to 0.8 mm, rest of distal 3–4 mm glabrous or sparsely pilose (with much shorter hairs). | var. coloradoensis |
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FNA vol. 17, p. 103. |
FNA vol. 17, p. 131. |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Caespitosi |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Cristati |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
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A. Gray: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 112. (1859) — (as Pentstemon) |
Brandegee: Zoë 5: 152. (1903) — (as Pentstemon) |
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