eastern beardtongue, eastern smooth beardtongue
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Bleakly's beardtongue
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Herbs. |
Herbs. |
ascending to erect, 40–115 cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, not glaucous. |
decumbent to ascending, 2–8 cm, retrorsely hairy, not glaucous. |
basal and cauline, basal sometimes withering by anthesis, not leathery, glabrous or puberulent; basal and proximal cauline 40–150 × 7–48 mm, blade oblanceolate to lanceolate, base tapered, margins entire or ± serrate, apex obtuse to acute; cauline 3–7 pairs, sessile or proximals sometimes petiolate, 18–128 × 8–28 mm, blade lanceolate, proximals sometimes oblanceolate, base clasping, sometimes tapered, margins entire or ± serrate, apex acute. |
basal and cauline, not leathery, glabrous; basal and proximal cauline 15–35 × 4–15 mm, blade lanceolate to elliptic or oblanceolate, base tapered, margins entire or serrulate, apex obtuse to acute; cauline 3–7 pairs, petiolate, 10–20 × 3–5 mm, blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, base tapered to cuneate, margins entire or serrulate, apex obtuse to acute. |
interrupted, narrowly conic, (3–)8–20 cm, axis glabrous or retrorsely hairy and sparsely glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 2–6, cymes (2–)4–11-flowered, 2 per node; proximal bracts lanceolate to linear, 8–38 × 1–3 mm, margins entire; peduncles and pedicels spreading or ascending, glabrous or retrorsely hairy and sparsely glandular-pubescent. |
continuous, ± secund, 1–3 cm, axis glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 1 or 2, cymes (1 or)2- or 3-flowered, 1 or 2 per node; proximal bracts lanceolate, 10–20 × 4–8 mm, margins entire; peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, glandular-pubescent. |
calyx lobes ovate, 3–6 × 1.5–2.1 mm, glabrous or glandular-pubescent; corolla pale lavender to violet, with reddish purple nectar guides, ventricose, 15–22 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, sparsely to moderately white-lanate internally abaxially, tube 5–6 mm, throat abruptly inflated, 5–8 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially; stamens included or longer pair reaching orifice, pollen sacs opposite, navicular, 1–1.2 mm, dehiscing completely, connective splitting, sides glabrous, sutures papillate; staminode 10–12 mm, exserted, 0.4–0.5 mm diam., tip straight to slightly recurved, distal 5–7 mm moderately to densely pubescent, hairs yellow, to 2.3 mm; style 12–15 mm. |
calyx lobes lanceolate, 5–8 × 0.8–1.2 mm, glandular-pubescent; corolla bluish lavender to lavender-purple, with violet nectar guides, tubular-funnelform, 12–25 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, densely white-lanate internally abaxially, tube 4–6 mm, throat gradually inflated, 6–8 mm diam., scarcely 2-ridged abaxially; stamens included, pollen sacs opposite, subexplanate, 1.1–1.3 mm, dehiscing completely, connective splitting, sides sparsely puberulent, sutures smooth; staminode 14–15 mm, exserted, 0.3–0.4 mm diam., tip slightly recurved, distal 0.8–1 mm sparsely lanate, hairs yellow, to 0.4 mm; styles 10–15 mm. |
5–8 × 3.5–5 mm, glabrous. |
4–7 × 3–5 mm, glabrous. |
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Flowering May–Jun. |
Flowering Jul. |
Meadows, floodplain forests, fields, rock outcrops, calcareous bluffs. |
Alpine scree slopes. |
10–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
3800–3900 m. (12500–12800 ft.) |
AL; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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NM |
Penstemon laevigatus primarily is a species of the Piedmont and eastern Appalachians; scattered populations occur outside those regions. L. La Cour (1931) reported a chromosome count of n = 48 for P. laevigatus. Without a voucher, it is impossible to know if this count was for the species as treated here, or P. calycosus or P. digitalis, which have been treated as infraspecific taxa of P. laevigatus. An infusion made from Penstemon laevigatus is used by the Cherokee tribe of the southeastern United States as a gastrointestinal aid (D. E. Moerman 1998). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Penstemon bleaklyi is known only from the Culebra Range of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in Taos County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
FNA vol. 17, p. 210. |
FNA vol. 17, p. 196. |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
Aiton: Hort. Kew. 2: 361. (1789) — (as Pentstemon laevigata) |
O’Kane & K. D. Heil: Phytoneuron 2014-61: 1, figs. 1–3. (2014) |
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