Flora of North America species comparison

ascending to erect, 30–150 cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, rarely glaucous.

glabrous, puberulent, or retrorsely hairy, rarely glandular-pubescent distally or wholly or retrorsely hairy, glaucous or not.

essentially cauline, basal absent or essentially so, opposite, glabrous or retrorsely hairy to puberulent, hairs pointed, rarely glaucous;

cauline 5–11 pairs, petiolate or sessile, 10–100 × 0.5–12 mm, blade oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, base tapered to clasping, margins entire, apex acute.

basal and cauline, basals sometimes few, or cauline, opposite, sometimes alternate, rarely whorled or subalternate, leathery, rarely not (P. papillatus, P. platyphyllus), glabrous, glabrate, puberulent, retrorsely hairy, canescent, pilose, hirsute, or glandular-pubescent, glaucous or not;

basal and proximal cauline petiolate;

cauline sessile, petiolate, or short-petiolate, blade obovate, ovate, spatulate, oblanceolate, lanceolate, elliptic, oblong, or linear, margins entire or toothed, rarely laciniate-pinnatifid.

interrupted or continuous, cylindric, (6–)10–32 cm, axis glabrous or retrorsely hairy, verticillasters (3–)5–14, cymes 1(–3)-flowered, (1 or)2 per node;

proximal bracts lanceolate to linear, 5–65 × 0.5–5 mm;

peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, glabrous or retrorsely hairy.

interrupted or continuous, cylindric, sometimes secund, axis glabrous, glandular-pubescent, puberulent, or retrorsely hairy, cymes 1 or 2 per node;

peduncles and pedicels spreading to ascending or erect, rarely appressed.

calyx lobes obovate to oblanceolate or ovate to lanceolate, 2.6–6(–7) × 1.3–3.3 mm, glabrous or puberulent;

corolla blue to violet or purple, without nectar guides, ventricose to ventricose-ampliate, 24–38 mm, glabrous externally, glabrous internally, tube 7–10 mm, throat gradually inflated, 8–11 mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included or longer pair reaching orifice or slightly exserted, filaments glabrous, pollen sacs parallel, 2.2–3 mm, distal 1/3–1/2 indehiscent, sides pubescent to lanate, hairs white, to 0.8 mm near filament attachment, sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.2 mm;

staminode 16–19 mm, included, 0.4–0.6 mm diam., glabrous;

style 18–27 mm.

calyx lobes: margins entire or erose, rarely lacerate (P. serrulatus), narrowly scarious or scarious, sometimes herbaceous, rarely broadly scarious (P. serrulatus), glabrous or glandular-pubescent, rarely scabrous, puberulent, pubescent, or ciliolate;

corolla lavender to blue, violet, purple, reddish purple, or pinkish, bilaterally symmetric, ± bilabiate, not personate, funnelform, ventricose, ampliate, or ventricose-ampliate, glabrous or glandular-pubescent externally, glabrous or hairy internally abaxially, throat slightly to gradually inflated, not constricted at orifice, rounded to 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included or longer pair reaching orifice or exserted, filaments glabrous, rarely hairy distally, pollen sacs parallel, rarely divergent, saccate, dehiscing incompletely, distal 1/5–2/3 indehiscent, connective splitting, sides glabrous or hairy, sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.3 mm;

staminode included to exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–1 mm diam., tip straight, glabrous or distal 5–50(–60)% hairy, hairs to 2.5 mm;

style glabrous.

6–9 × 4–5 mm.

glabrous.

tan, gray, or brown, angled, rarely patelliform, 0.5–3.4 mm.

= 16, 32.