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Sierra beardtongue, Sierra penstemon

thread-leaf beardtongue

Habit Herbs. Herbs or subshrubs.
Stems

decumbent, ascending, or erect, 5–65 cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, sometimes also glandular-pubescent distally, not glaucous.

ascending to erect, 16–50 cm, puberulent to retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, not glaucous.

Leaves

basal and cauline, not leathery, glabrous;

basal and proximal cauline 5–140 × 3–20 mm, blade spatulate to oblanceolate or elliptic, base tapered, margins entire, apex rounded to obtuse or acute;

cauline 2–5 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, 10–60(–70) × 1–14 mm, blade oblong to oblanceolate or lanceolate, base tapered to clasping, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute.

cauline, opposite, puberulent, hairs pointed, or glabrous, not glaucous;

cauline 8–12 pairs, sessile, 12–70 × 0.5–1(–2) mm, blade linear, base not tapered, margins entire, apex acute.

Thyrses

interrupted, cylindric, 1–12 cm, axis ± glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 1–6, cymes (1 or)2–6-flowered, 2 per node;

proximal bracts lanceolate, 4–35 × 1–6 mm, margins entire;

peduncles and pedicels erect, ± glandular-pubescent.

interrupted, cylindric, 9–22 cm, axis glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 1–5, cymes 1–3-flowered, (1 or)2 per node;

proximal bracts linear, 9–30 × 0.5–1 mm;

peduncles and pedicels spreading to ascending, glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

calyx lobes oblong to lanceolate, 4–6 × 0.7–1.2 mm, glandular-pubescent;

corolla lavender to blue, violet, or purple, essentially without nectar guides, tubular-funnelform, 10–16 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, moderately yellow-pilose to yellow-lanate internally abaxially, tube 5–7 mm, throat slightly inflated, 3–5 mm diam., prominently 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens: longer pair reaching orifice or slightly exserted, pollen sacs opposite, navicular, 0.6–0.8(–1) mm, dehiscing completely, connective splitting, sides glabrous, sutures smooth;

staminode 6–9 mm, included, 0.3–0.6 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, glabrous or distal 1–3 mm sparsely to moderately pilose, hairs yellow, to 0.5 mm;

style 9–12 mm.

calyx lobes ovate to lanceolate, 2–4.5 × 0.7–1.7 mm, glandular-pubescent;

corolla light purple to violet or purple, without nectar guides, funnelform, 13–18 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, glabrous internally, tube 3–4 mm, throat gradually inflated, 5–7 mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included or longer pair reaching orifice, filaments glabrous, pollen sacs parallel, 1.2–1.6 mm, distal 1/2 indehiscent, sides pubescent, hairs white, to 0.5 mm near filament attachment, sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.2 mm;

staminode 10–12 mm, included or reaching orifice, 0.3–0.5 mm diam., glabrous;

style 11–15 mm.

Capsules

4–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous.

5–7.5 × 2.5–4 mm.

2n

= 16.

Penstemon heterodoxus

Penstemon filiformis

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jul.
Habitat Rocky shrublands, pine woodlands.
Elevation 400–600 m. (1300–2000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; NV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

Penstemon heterodoxus comprises three partially sympatric varieties centered in the Sierra Nevada of eastern California.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Penstemon filiformis is known from Lake, Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Thyrse axes usually sparsely glandular-pubescent; n California.
var. shastensis
1. Thyrse axes moderately to densely glandular-pubescent; e California, wc Nevada.
→ 2
2. Stems 5–25 cm; basal and proximal cauline leaves 5–50 × 3–10 mm; verticillasters (1–)3; ec California, wc Nevada.
var. heterodoxus
2. Stems 15–35 cm; basal and proximal cauline leaves (17–)20–75 × 6–18 mm; verticillasters 2–6; se California.
var. cephalophorus
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 207. FNA vol. 17, p. 233.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Saccanthera
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Subordinate taxa
P. heterodoxus var. cephalophorus, P. heterodoxus var. heterodoxus, P. heterodoxus var. shastensis
Synonyms P. laetus subsp. filiformis
Name authority A. Gray: in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 269. (1878) — (as Pentstemon) (D. D. Keck) D. D. Keck: in L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris, Ill. Fl. Pacific States 3: 761. (1951)
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