Grinnell's beardtongue
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cobaea beardtongue, cobaea penstemon
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Herbs. |
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ascending to erect, 10–90 cm, glaucous or not. |
retrorsely ascending to erect, (15–)25–65(–100) cm, puberulent proximally, glandular-pubescent distally. |
basal and proximal cauline 31–90 × 11–20 mm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic, base tapered, margins finely to coarsely dentate, apex rounded to obtuse; cauline 3–6 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, (15–)30–90 × 4–30 mm, blade lanceolate to ovate-oblong, base tapered, margins coarsely dentate, distals sometimes entire, apex obtuse or acute. |
basal and cauline, sometimes basal absent or withering, ± leathery or not, glabrous or puberulent to pubescent; basal and proximal cauline petiolate, 35–120(–150) × 8–55(–76) mm, blade spatulate to oblanceolate or elliptic, base tapered, margins subentire or serrate to dentate, apex rounded to acute; cauline 4–8 pairs, sessile, 35–120(–150) × 10–45(–54) mm, blade ovate to lanceolate, base tapered to cordate-clasping, margins subentire to serrate or dentate, apex acute, rarely obtuse. |
interrupted, cylindric, (5–)7–34 cm, axis sparsely to densely glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 4–10, cymes 2–4-flowered; proximal bracts ovate to lanceolate, 5–50 × 2–18 mm; peduncles and pedicels spreading to ascending, glandular-pubescent. |
interrupted or continuous, cylindric, 10–30(–52) cm, axis densely glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 3–6(–8), cymes 2–6-flowered, 2 per node; proximal bracts ovate, 20–78 × 8–74 mm; peduncles and pedicels densely glandular-pubescent. |
calyx lobes ovate, 4.5–8.5 × (2–)2.9–3.2 mm, glandular-pubescent; corolla white to pink or light lavender to light blue or light violet, with reddish purple nectar guides, strongly bilabiate, ventricose-ampliate, 22–35 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, glandular-pubescent internally, also white-villous abaxially, tube 5–8 mm, length 0.9–1.2 times calyx lobes, throat abruptly inflated, constricted at orifice, 10–18 mm diam., rounded abaxially; stamens included, filaments of shorter pair glandular-puberulent proximally, pollen sacs navicular to subexplanate, 1.6–2.2 mm, sutures smooth; staminode 20–22 mm, exserted, 0.4–0.8 mm diam., tip recurved, distal 8–10 mm densely lanate, hairs yellowish or whitish, to 4 mm; proximal 6–8 mm densely glandular-pubescent; style 15–18 mm, glabrous. |
calyx lobes ovate to lanceolate, (8–)10–16 × 2.5–4.5 mm, densely glandular-pubescent; corolla white to pink or violet to purple, with reddish purple nectar guides, ventricose-ampliate, 35–55 mm, glandular-pubescent internally, tube 10–14 mm, throat abruptly inflated, slightly constricted at orifice, (15–)18–25 mm diam., rounded abaxially; stamens included, pollen sacs opposite, explanate, 1.3–1.6 mm, dehiscing completely, sutures smooth; staminode 23–30 mm, included or barely exserted, 0.6–0.9 mm diam., tip recurved, distal 20–25 mm sparsely to moderately villous, hairs white or golden yellow, to 3.5 mm; style 18–34 mm. |
10–14 × 5–8 mm, glabrous. |
13–18 × 8–10 mm. |
= 16. |
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Flowering Apr–Jul. |
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Chaparral, foothills, pine-juniper woodlands, pine forests. |
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500–2700 m. (1600–8900 ft.) |
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CA
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AR; AZ; CO; IA; IL; KS; MO; NE; NM; OH; OK; TX
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Two varieties of Penstemon grinnellii have been recognized. Variety grinnellii, with non-glaucous stems 10–60 cm and corollas white to pink and 22–30 mm, has been reported from the Western Transverse and Peninsular ranges, and in the San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and San Jacinto mountains. Variety scrophularioides, with glaucous stems 45–90 cm and corollas light lavender, light blue, or light violet and 26–35 mm, has been reported in the San Francisco Bay Area, southern Sierra Nevada and South Coast and Western Transverse ranges. Characteristics that distinguish the varieties overlap in some populations. Penstemon ×peirsonii Munz & I. M. Johnston, a putative hybrid between P. grinnellii and P. speciosus, and P. ×dubius Davidson, a putative hybrid between P. centranthifolius and P. grinnellii, both have been reported from California (D. D. Keck 1937b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Penstemon cobaea occurs widely in the central and southern Great Plains and into the Ozark Plateau. The species is a popular ornamental used in the breeding of the European or large-flowered hybrids of Penstemon (D. Lindgren and E. Wilde 2003). A chromosome count of n = 32 (R. Piotrowska 1934) appears doubtful. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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FNA vol. 17, p. 251. |
FNA vol. 17, p. 131. |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Spectabiles |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Cristati |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
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P. grinnellii subsp. scrophularioides, P. grinnellii var. scrophularioides, P. scrophularioides |
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Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 207. (1905) — (as Pentstemon) |
Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 182. (1835) — (as Pentstemon) |
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