globe beardtongue, globe penstemon
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Herbs. |
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ascending to erect, (10–)20–65 cm, glabrous or sparsely retrorsely hairy distally, not glaucous. |
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basal and cauline, not leathery, glabrous; basal and proximal cauline 28–160(–235) × 8–25(–35) mm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic, base tapered, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute; cauline 2–5 pairs, sessile or proximals short-petiolate, 10–130 × 3–35 mm, blade oblong to ovate or lanceolate, base truncate to clasping, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute. |
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continuous or interrupted, cylindric, (1–)2–11(–27) cm, axis glabrous or sparsely retrorsely hairy, verticillasters 1–3(or 4), cymes (2–)4–13-flowered, 2 per node; proximal bracts lanceolate, (5–)16–66 × (1–)4–19 mm, margins entire; peduncles and pedicels erect, glabrous. |
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calyx lobes oblanceolate to lanceolate, (4–)5–9 × 1.4–3.5 mm, glabrous; corolla blue to purple or violet, without nectar guides, tubular-funnelform, 14–21 mm, glabrous externally, moderately white- or yellowish pilose internally abaxially, tube 5–6 mm, throat slightly inflated to slightly ventricose, 4–7 mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially; stamens included, pollen sacs divergent, saccate, 0.7–1.2 mm, dehiscing incompletely, distal 1/5–1/4 indehiscent, connective not splitting, sides glabrous, sutures papillate; staminode 7–9 mm, included, 0.4–0.7 mm diam., tip straight to slightly recurved, distal 1–2 mm densely pilose to lanate, hairs golden yellow, to 1.4 mm, medial 2–4 mm sparsely lanate; style 8–10 mm. |
pollen sacs navicular, navicular-sigmoid, saccate, or explanate, dehiscing completely or incompletely, connective splitting or not, sides glabrous or hairy, hairs not concealing surface, sutures smooth, papillate, or denticulate; staminode included to exserted, if included, length 3/4+ times corolla throat. |
5–7 × 3–4 mm, glabrous. |
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angled or rounded, rarely angled-elongate, reniform, or disciform, wings absent. |
= 16, 32. |
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Flowering May–Aug. |
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Dry to wet meadows, moist mountain slopes. |
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800–3100 m. (2600–10200 ft.) |
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ID; MT; OR
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North America; Mexico; Central America (Guatemala) |
The saccate anthers and relatively broad leaves of Penstemon globosus are diagnostic. D. V. Clark (1971) reported plants in northeastern Oregon (Baker, Union, and Wallowa counties) exhibiting degrees of morphologic intermediacy between P. globosus and P. rydbergii. These could be hybrids or introgressants involving those two species, though Clark did not observe any populations where hybridization was evident. Putative hybrids between P. globosus and P. confertus have been documented in Idaho County, Idaho (Clark). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 270 (229 in the flora). Following the recommendation of A. D. Wolfe et al. (2006), subg. Penstemon is expanded here to include species of Penstemon not included in subg. Dasanthera. Molecular data indicate that some sections as usually circumscribed are paraphyletic. Absent a robust phylogeny for Penstemon, a morphology-based classification is followed here with minor adjustments. As circumscribed here, subg. Penstemon comprises 16 sections, 15 in the flora area. Section Leptostemon Trautvetter includes 27 species from Mexico and Guatemala. Among its members are Penstemon campanulatus (Cavanilles) Willdenow, P. gentianoides (Kunth) Poiret, and P. hartwegii Bentham, three red- or purple-flowered species popular among European plant breeders in the nineteenth century and used in the development of European hybrid penstemons (R. Nold 1999; D. Lindgren and E. Wilde 2003). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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1. Cauline leaf blade margins deeply pinnatifid to nearly pinnatisect. | P. sect. Dissecti |
1. Cauline leaf blade margins entire or toothed, rarely laciniate-pinnatifid. | → 2 |
2. Subshrubs or shrubs; staminodes glabrous; corollas pink, red, scarlet, or magenta, rarely lavender or violet. | → 3 |
3. Cauline leaf blades linear and pollen sacs explanate. | P. sect. Ambigui |
3. Cauline leaf blades obovate, ovate, oblanceolate, lanceolate, elliptic, or linear; pollen sacs navicular, saccate, subexplanate, or explanate. | → 4 |
4. Pollen sacs subexplanate to explanate, opposite; corollas weakly ventricose; thyrses cylindric; leaves glaucous. | P. sect. Petiolati |
4. Pollen sacs saccate or navicular, parallel or divergent; corollas salverform or funnelform; thyrses secund; leaves not glaucous. | → 5 |
5. Cauline leaf margins toothed or entire; corollas funnelform, glandular-pubescent internally abaxially and adaxially; cymes 1 per node; Texas. | P. sect. Baccharifolii |
5. Cauline leaf margins entire; corollas salverform, hairy internally abaxially; cymes 2 per node; Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah. | P. sect. Bridgesiani |
2. Herbs, shrubs, or subshrubs; staminodes hairy distally or glabrous; corollas usually white, lavender, lilac, blue, violet, purple, ochroleucous, yellow, orange, or crimson, if pink, red, scarlet, or magenta, herbs and/or staminodes hairy, or both. | → 6 |
6. Pollen sacs saccate, dehiscing incompletely, distal 1/5–2/3 indehiscent, connectives splitting, rarely not. | → 7 |
7. Pollen sac sutures papillate; herbs. | P. sect. Penstemon |
7. Pollen sac sutures denticulate; herbs or subshrubs. | → 8 |
8. Herbs; pollen sac sides glabrous; staminodes glabrous, tips recurved; cauline leaf blade margins entire; thyrses interrupted. | P. sect. Chamaeleon |
8. Herbs or subshrubs; pollen sac sides glabrous or hairy; staminodes glabrous or hairy distally, tips straight; cauline leaf blade margins entire or toothed, rarely laciniate-pinnatifid; thyrses interrupted or continuous. | P. sect. Saccanthera |
6. Pollen sacs navicular, navicular-sigmoid, sigmoid, subexplanate, or explanate, dehiscing completely, if incompletely proximal 1/5–1/2 indehiscent and/or connectives not splitting. | → 9 |
9. Pollen sacs dehiscing incompletely, proximal 1/5–1/2 indehiscent and/or connectives not splitting. | → 10 |
10. Corollas red to scarlet or orange, rarely yellow, glabrous externally. | P. sect. Elmigera |
10. Corollas white to pink, lavender, lilac, blue, violet, or purple, glandular-pubescent or glabrous externally, if corollas reddish pink or rose red, glandular-pubescent externally. | → 11 |
11. Pollen sacs: connectives not splitting, sutures papillate, sides glabrous; corollas tubular-funnelform. | P. sect. Cristati |
11. Pollen sacs: proximal 1/5–1/3 indehiscent and/or connectives not splitting, sutures denticulate, sometimes papillate or smooth, sides glabrous or hairy; corollas funnelform, ventricose, or ventricose-ampliate. | P. sect. Glabri |
9. Pollen sacs dehiscing completely (rarely connectives not splitting in P. incertus). | → 12 |
12. Staminodes glabrous; pollen sacs parallel to divergent, sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.2–0.3 mm. | P. sect. Chamaeleon |
12. Staminodes hairy distally, sometimes glabrous; pollen sacs opposite or divergent, rarely parallel, sutures smooth, papillate, or denticulate, teeth to 0.1–0.2 mm. | → 13 |
13. Subshrubs; leaves cauline, rarely basal and cauline, blade margins entire; stems not glaucous; corollas 2-ridged abaxially. | P. sect. Caespitosi |
13. Herbs, shrubs, or subshrubs; leaves basal and cauline, sometimes basal few or absent, blade margins entire or toothed, if shrubs or subshrubs, leaves basal and cauline or leaf blade margins toothed or stems glaucous; corollas rounded to 2-ridged abaxially. | → 14 |
14. Stems and/or leaves and/or thyrse axes hairy; leaf blades not (or rarely) glaucous, not (or rarely) leathery. | → 15 |
15. Corollas glabrous externally, ventricose or ventricose-ampliate. | P. sect. Glabri |
15. Corollas glandular-pubescent externally, if glabrous then tubular, tubular-funnelform, or funnelform. | → 16 |
16. Corolla throats rounded abaxially, sometimes slightly 2-ridged; staminodes: distal (40–)50–100% hairy, hairs to 4 mm, exserted, sometimes reaching orifice or included, tips straight to recurved or coiled; seeds 1.4–4.8 mm, brown, dark brown, or black. | P. sect. Cristati |
16. Corolla throats slightly to prominently 2-ridged abaxially, rarely rounded; staminodes: distal 5–60(–90)% hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous, included or reaching orifice, sometimes exserted, tips straight to recurved; seeds 0.4–2(–3.5) mm, tan, brown, gray, or black. | P. sect. Penstemon |
14. Stems, leaves, and thyrse axes glabrous, rarely scabrous; leaf blades glaucous, rarely not, leathery, rarely not. | → 17 |
17. Shrubs or subshrubs; stamen filaments: shorter pair glandular-puberulent proximally. | P. sect. Spectabiles |
17. Herbs; stamen filaments glabrous. | → 18 |
18. Leaf blade margins toothed. | P. sect. Spectabiles |
18. Leaf blade margins entire (rarely remotely and obscurely toothed in P. parryi). | → 19 |
19. Stamens exserted; corollas red, 32–36 mm. | P. sect. Coerulei |
19. Stamens included or longer pair reaching orifice, rarely exserted; corollas lavender to blue, violet, purple, white, pink, lilac, red, scarlet, crimson, magenta, orange, yellow, or ochroleucous, 6–33 mm. | → 20 |
20. Basal and proximal cauline leaf blades linear, 0.5–1.5 mm wide. | P. sect. Cristati |
20. Leaf blades ovate, obovate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, trullate, oblong, or elliptic, rarely linear, 1–70 mm wide. | → 21 |
21. Pollen sacs 0.3–1.2 mm, opposite; corollas 7–22 mm, throats 2-ridged abaxially, sometimes rounded. | P. sect. Penstemon |
21. Pollen sacs 0.6–3 mm, opposite, divergent, or parallel; corollas 10–48 mm, throats rounded abaxially, rarely slightly 2-ridged. | → 22 |
22. Pollens sacs navicular; corollas glabrous externally, rarely obscurely glandular (P. carnosus). | P. sect. Coerulei |
22. Pollen sacs explanate, sometimes navicular; corollas glandular-pubescent externally, if glabrous staminode papillate distally, papillae to 0.2 mm. | P. sect. Gentianoides |
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FNA vol. 17, p. 205. |
FNA vol. 17, p. 92. |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon |
Plantaginaceae > Penstemon |
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis |
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P. sect. Ambigui, P. sect. Baccharifolii, P. sect. Bridgesiani, P. sect. Caespitosi, P. sect. Chamaeleon, P. sect. Coerulei, P. sect. Cristati, P. sect. Dissecti, P. sect. Elmigera, P. sect. Gentianoides, P. sect. Glabri, P. sect. Penstemon, P. sect. Petiolati, P. sect. Saccanthera, P. sect. Spectabiles |
P. confertus var. globosus |
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(Piper) Pennell & D. D. Keck: Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 520: 294. (1940) |
unknown |
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