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globe beardtongue, globe penstemon

Arkansas beardtongue

Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

ascending to erect, (10–)20–65 cm, glabrous or sparsely retrorsely hairy distally, not glaucous.

ascending to erect, (18–)25–45(–61) cm, retrorsely hairy, sometimes also ± glandular-pubescent distally, not glaucous.

Leaves

basal and cauline, not leathery, glabrous;

basal and proximal cauline 28–160(–235) × 8–25(–35) mm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic, base tapered, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute;

cauline 2–5 pairs, sessile or proximals short-petiolate, 10–130 × 3–35 mm, blade oblong to ovate or lanceolate, base truncate to clasping, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute.

basal and cauline, basal often withering by anthesis, not leathery, glabrous or sparsely retrorsely hairy, especially along midvein and margins, abaxially, glabrous or sparsely puberulent adaxially;

basal and proximal cauline 20–95 × 5–28 mm, blade spatulate or obovate to ovate, base tapered, margins subentire to ± serrate or dentate, apex rounded to obtuse or acute;

cauline (6–)8–12 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, 22–80 × 4–20 mm, blade lanceolate, base tapered to clasping, margins ± serrate or dentate, apex acute to acuminate.

Thyrses

continuous or interrupted, cylindric, (1–)2–11(–27) cm, axis glabrous or sparsely retrorsely hairy, verticillasters 1–3(or 4), cymes (2–)4–13-flowered, 2 per node;

proximal bracts lanceolate, (5–)16–66 × (1–)4–19 mm, margins entire;

peduncles and pedicels erect, glabrous.

interrupted, conic, 6–24 cm, axis retrorsely hairy and ± glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 4–8, cymes 3–13-flowered, 2 per node;

proximal bracts lanceolate, 6–40 × 2–12 mm, margins entire or ± dentate;

peduncles and pedicels ascending, retrorsely hairy and ± glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

calyx lobes oblanceolate to lanceolate, (4–)5–9 × 1.4–3.5 mm, glabrous;

corolla blue to purple or violet, without nectar guides, tubular-funnelform, 14–21 mm, glabrous externally, moderately white- or yellowish pilose internally abaxially, tube 5–6 mm, throat slightly inflated to slightly ventricose, 4–7 mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included, pollen sacs divergent, saccate, 0.7–1.2 mm, dehiscing incompletely, distal 1/5–1/4 indehiscent, connective not splitting, sides glabrous, sutures papillate;

staminode 7–9 mm, included, 0.4–0.7 mm diam., tip straight to slightly recurved, distal 1–2 mm densely pilose to lanate, hairs golden yellow, to 1.4 mm, medial 2–4 mm sparsely lanate;

style 8–10 mm.

calyx lobes ovate, 2.8–4.5 × 1.1–2 mm, sparsely glandular-pubescent;

corolla white, with reddish purple nectar guides, tubular to tubular-funnelform, 15–19 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, moderately whitish lanate internally abaxially, tube 4–6 mm, throat slightly inflated, 4–7 mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included, pollen sacs opposite, navicular, 0.8–1 mm, dehiscing completely, connective splitting, sides glabrous, sutures papillate;

staminode 10–12 mm, exserted, 0.2–0.4 mm diam., tip straight to slightly recurved, distal 5–7 mm ± villous, hairs yellow or golden yellow, to 1.2 mm;

style 9–11 mm.

Capsules

5–7 × 3–4 mm, glabrous.

4–7 × 4–5 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 16, 32.

= 16.

Penstemon globosus

Penstemon arkansanus

Phenology Flowering May–Aug. Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Dry to wet meadows, moist mountain slopes. Rocky oak-hickory woodlands, glades, rocky stream bottoms.
Elevation 800–3100 m. (2600–10200 ft.) 60–300 m. (200–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
ID; MT; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; MO; OK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The saccate anthers and relatively broad leaves of Penstemon globosus are diagnostic. D. V. Clark (1971) reported plants in northeastern Oregon (Baker, Union, and Wallowa counties) exhibiting degrees of morphologic intermediacy between P. globosus and P. rydbergii. These could be hybrids or introgressants involving those two species, though Clark did not observe any populations where hybridization was evident. Putative hybrids between P. globosus and P. confertus have been documented in Idaho County, Idaho (Clark).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Penstemon arkansanus is centered in the Interior Highlands. The species is most similar to P. pallidus, from which it differs by its narrower, less hairy, and more numerous cauline leaves. Some specimens from the narrow zone of sympatry in north-central Arkansas and south-central Missouri exhibit varying degrees of morphologic intermediacy. Penstemon arkansanus has been reported from Illinois (R. H. Mohlenbrock 1986) and Texas (S. D. Jones et al. 1997); those reports seem unlikely.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 205. FNA vol. 17, p. 193.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Synonyms P. confertus var. globosus P. multicaulis, P. pallidus subsp. arkansanus, P. wherryi
Name authority (Piper) Pennell & D. D. Keck: Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 520: 294. (1940) Pennell: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 73: 493. (1922)
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