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Crandall's beardtongue

Grinnell's beardtongue

Habit Herbs.
Stems

prostrate, decumbent, ascending, or erect, 2–28 cm, retrorsely hairy or pubescent.

ascending to erect, 10–90 cm, glaucous or not.

Leaves

not leathery, glabrous, glabrate, scabrous, or pubescent, hairs pointed;

cauline (1 or)2–4 pairs, petiolate, (2–)4–47 × 0.5–8 mm, blade elliptic to obovate, oblanceolate, or linear, base tapered, apex acute to mucronate.

basal and proximal cauline 31–90 × 11–20 mm, blade oblanceolate to elliptic, base tapered, margins finely to coarsely dentate, apex rounded to obtuse;

cauline 3–6 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, (15–)30–90 × 4–30 mm, blade lanceolate to ovate-oblong, base tapered, margins coarsely dentate, distals sometimes entire, apex obtuse or acute.

Thyrses

continuous, ± secund, 1–8(–16) cm, axis retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed and, usually, sparsely glandular-pubescent, verticillasters (1 or)2–8, cymes 1–4-flowered, 1 or 2 per node;

proximal bracts oblanceolate to linear, 10–25 × 0.5–4 mm;

peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, retrorsely hairy and, usually, sparsely glandular-pubescent.

interrupted, cylindric, (5–)7–34 cm, axis sparsely to densely glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 4–10, cymes 2–4-flowered;

proximal bracts ovate to lanceolate, 5–50 × 2–18 mm;

peduncles and pedicels spreading to ascending, glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

calyx lobes lanceolate, 4–7(–7.5) × 0.9–1.8(–2.2) mm, broadly scarious-margined, apex acuminate to caudate, retrorsely puberulent, hairs pointed, and sparsely glandular-pubescent;

corolla blue to violet or lavender, lined internally abaxially with violet or reddish purple nectar guides, funnelform, 14–20 mm, sparsely to densely yellow-lanate or yellow-pilose internally abaxially, tube 6–8 mm, throat gradually inflated, 6–8 mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens: longer pair reaching orifice, filaments glabrous, pollen sacs opposite, navicular to subexplanate, 0.9–1.4 mm, sutures papillate;

staminode 11–14 mm, reaching orifice or exserted, flattened distally, 0.3–0.4 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 7–10 mm densely pilose, hairs golden yellow, to 1 mm;

style 13–15 mm.

calyx lobes ovate, 4.5–8.5 × (2–)2.9–3.2 mm, glandular-pubescent;

corolla white to pink or light lavender to light blue or light violet, with reddish purple nectar guides, strongly bilabiate, ventricose-ampliate, 22–35 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, glandular-pubescent internally, also white-villous abaxially, tube 5–8 mm, length 0.9–1.2 times calyx lobes, throat abruptly inflated, constricted at orifice, 10–18 mm diam., rounded abaxially;

stamens included, filaments of shorter pair glandular-puberulent proximally, pollen sacs navicular to subexplanate, 1.6–2.2 mm, sutures smooth;

staminode 20–22 mm, exserted, 0.4–0.8 mm diam., tip recurved, distal 8–10 mm densely lanate, hairs yellowish or whitish, to 4 mm;

proximal 6–8 mm densely glandular-pubescent;

style 15–18 mm, glabrous.

Capsules

7–8 × 3.5–4.5 mm.

10–14 × 5–8 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 16.

Penstemon crandallii

Penstemon grinnellii

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Chaparral, foothills, pine-juniper woodlands, pine forests.
Elevation 500–2700 m. (1600–8900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; NM; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 5 (5 in the flora).

Penstemon crandallii comprises five partly sympatric, sometimes intergrading varieties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Two varieties of Penstemon grinnellii have been recognized. Variety grinnellii, with non-glaucous stems 10–60 cm and corollas white to pink and 22–30 mm, has been reported from the Western Transverse and Peninsular ranges, and in the San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and San Jacinto mountains. Variety scrophularioides, with glaucous stems 45–90 cm and corollas light lavender, light blue, or light violet and 26–35 mm, has been reported in the San Francisco Bay Area, southern Sierra Nevada and South Coast and Western Transverse ranges. Characteristics that distinguish the varieties overlap in some populations.

Penstemon ×peirsonii Munz & I. M. Johnston, a putative hybrid between P. grinnellii and P. speciosus, and P. ×dubius Davidson, a putative hybrid between P. centranthifolius and P. grinnellii, both have been reported from California (D. D. Keck 1937b).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves glabrous or sparsely puberulent, especially along margins, blades obovate to elliptic; stems prostrate or decumbent; Colorado.
var. procumbens
1. Leaves glabrate or scabrous to pubescent, blades linear, oblanceolate, or obovate; stems decumbent, ascending, or erect; Colorado, New Mexico, Utah.
→ 2
2. Leaf blades obovate or oblanceolate; stems decumbent to ascending.
→ 3
3. Leaves glabrate or scabrous, blades oblanceolate; Colorado, Utah.
var. crandallii
3. Leaves ± scabrous, blades obovate or oblanceolate; Utah.
var. atratus
2. Leaf blades linear to oblanceolate; stems ascending to erect.
→ 4
4. Stems retrorsely hairy or puberulent, ascending to erect; Colorado, New Mexico.
var. glabrescens
4. Stems puberulent to pubescent, erect; Colorado.
var. ramaleyi
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 101. FNA vol. 17, p. 251.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Caespitosi Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Spectabiles
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Subordinate taxa
P. crandallii var. atratus, P. crandallii var. crandallii, P. crandallii var. glabrescens, P. crandallii var. procumbens, P. crandallii var. ramaleyi
Synonyms P. grinnellii subsp. scrophularioides, P. grinnellii var. scrophularioides, P. scrophularioides
Name authority A. Nelson: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 26: 354. (1899) — (as Pentstemon) Eastwood: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 207. (1905) — (as Pentstemon)
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