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Appalachian beardtongue, eastern gray beardtongue

Oklahoma beardtongue

Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

ascending to erect, (20–)35–80 cm, retrorsely hairy and glandular-pubescent, sometimes only glandular-pubescent distally, not glaucous.

ascending to erect, (15–)35–55 cm, spreading-puberulent or retrorsely hairy proximally, glandular-pubescent medially and distally, not glaucous.

Leaves

basal and cauline, not leathery, sparsely to densely pubescent, rarely glabrate;

basal and proximal cauline 28–170 × 11–42 mm, blade orbiculate to obovate or elliptic, base tapered, margins irregularly crenate to irregularly serrate, apex rounded to obtuse;

cauline 3–7 pairs, sessile or proximals short-petiolate, 28–170 × 9–40 mm, blade oblanceolate to lanceolate, proximals usually ± lyrate, base clasping or tapered, margins crenate to serrate, apex obtuse to acute.

basal and cauline, basal often withering by anthesis, not leathery, puberulent or retrorsely hairy;

basal and proximal cauline 25–80(–110) × 5–24(–32) mm, blade spatulate to obovate, oblanceolate, or lanceolate, base tapered, margins subentire or ± denticulate or serrate, apex rounded to obtuse or acute;

cauline 2–9 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, (25–)60–120 × 4–20 mm, blade lanceolate to linear, base tapered to clasping, margins entire or ± denticulate to serrate, apex acute.

Thyrses

interrupted, conic, (5–)8–23 cm, axis ± pubescent and glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 3–6, cymes 5–13-flowered, 2 per node;

proximal bracts lanceolate, 8–60 × 2–20 mm, margins entire or ± crenate to serrate;

peduncles and pedicels spreading to ascending, ± pubescent and glandular-pubescent.

interrupted, cylindric, (5–)8–18(–25) cm, axis glandular-pubescent, verticillasters (2 or)3–6, cymes 2–4(–6)-flowered, 2 per node;

proximal bracts lanceolate to linear, 60 × 6 mm, margins entire;

peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

calyx lobes lanceolate, 3.2–6(–7) × 1.4–1.8(–2) mm, sparsely to moderately glandular-pubescent;

corolla lavender to purple, with lavender or purple nectar guides, ventricose, 20–30 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, ± white-pubescent internally abaxially, tube (4–)5–8(–10) mm, throat abruptly inflated, 5–8 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included or longer pair reaching orifice, pollen sacs opposite, navicular, 1–1.5 mm, dehiscing completely, connective splitting, sides glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent, hairs white, to 0.2 mm, sutures papillate;

staminode (11–)14–22 mm, exserted, 0.5–0.7 mm diam., tip straight to slightly recurved, distal (7–)10–12 mm ± pubescent, hairs yellowish, to 2 mm;

style 13–15 mm.

calyx lobes ovate to lanceolate, 5–7 × 3–4 mm, glandular-pubescent;

corolla white to ochroleucous, without nectar guides, personate, tubular, 24–32 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, densely yellowish lanate internally abaxially, tube slightly differentiated from throat, 6–10 mm, throat slightly inflated, 6–8 mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included, pollen sacs divergent, navicular to subexplanate, 1–1.5 mm, dehiscing completely, connective splitting, sides glabrous, sutures papillate;

staminode 18–20 mm, included or slightly exserted, 0.4–0.6 mm diam., tip straight, distal 14–16 mm ± villous, hairs yellowish orange, to 1.5 mm;

style 20–22 mm.

Capsules

5–7 × 4–5 mm, glabrous.

8–13 × 3–5 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 16.

= 16.

Penstemon canescens

Penstemon oklahomensis

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Sep). Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Woodlands, thickets, cliffs, barrens. Tallgrass prairies, open woods.
Elevation 200–1600 m. (700–5200 ft.) 200–300 m. (700–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MD; NC; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
OK; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

F. W. Pennell (1935) acknowledged that Penstemon canescens varies greatly in leaf size, flower size, and vestiture. He distinguished subsp. brittoniorum by its glabrate leaves with sharply serrate margins and dark purple corollas. Plants with those features are encountered mostly in the southern part of the range of the species, although they are essentially sympatric with subsp. canescens and sometimes in mixed populations with plants with the features of subsp. canescens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Penstemon oklahomensis is known from 26 counties primarily in east-central Oklahoma and in Lamar County, Texas (J. N. Mink et al. 2010).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 197. FNA vol. 17, p. 212.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Synonyms P. laevigatus var. canescens, P. brittoniorum, P. canescens subsp. brittoniorum
Name authority (Britton) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 291. (1894) — (as Pentstemon) Pennell: Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 237. (1935)
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