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Appalachian beardtongue, eastern gray beardtongue

nodding beardtongue

Habit Herbs. Herbs.
Stems

ascending to erect, (20–)35–80 cm, retrorsely hairy and glandular-pubescent, sometimes only glandular-pubescent distally, not glaucous.

ascending to erect, 25–65(–70) cm, puberulent or retrorsely hairy, rarely also glandular-pubescent distally, not glaucous.

Leaves

basal and cauline, not leathery, sparsely to densely pubescent, rarely glabrate;

basal and proximal cauline 28–170 × 11–42 mm, blade orbiculate to obovate or elliptic, base tapered, margins irregularly crenate to irregularly serrate, apex rounded to obtuse;

cauline 3–7 pairs, sessile or proximals short-petiolate, 28–170 × 9–40 mm, blade oblanceolate to lanceolate, proximals usually ± lyrate, base clasping or tapered, margins crenate to serrate, apex obtuse to acute.

basal and cauline, basal often withering by anthesis, not leathery, glabrous or retrorsely hairy to puberulent;

basal and proximal cauline 25–90 × 8–25 mm, blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or ovate, base tapered, rarely truncate, margins subentire or serrate to dentate, apex rounded to obtuse or acute;

cauline (3–)5–7 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, (20–)30–90(–110) × (2–)5–22 mm, blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, base tapered to cordate-clasping, margins subentire or serrate to dentate, apex acute.

Thyrses

interrupted, conic, (5–)8–23 cm, axis ± pubescent and glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 3–6, cymes 5–13-flowered, 2 per node;

proximal bracts lanceolate, 8–60 × 2–20 mm, margins entire or ± crenate to serrate;

peduncles and pedicels spreading to ascending, ± pubescent and glandular-pubescent.

interrupted, conic, 5–26(–32) cm, axis retrorsely hairy and ± glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 3–7, cymes 2–6-flowered, branches of each cyme usually elongating, of equal length, 2 per node;

proximal bracts lanceolate, 4–28 × 1–6 mm, margins entire or ± serrulate;

peduncles and pedicels spreading or ascending, puberulent or retrorsely hairy and, usually, glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

calyx lobes lanceolate, 3.2–6(–7) × 1.4–1.8(–2) mm, sparsely to moderately glandular-pubescent;

corolla lavender to purple, with lavender or purple nectar guides, ventricose, 20–30 mm, glandular-pubescent externally, ± white-pubescent internally abaxially, tube (4–)5–8(–10) mm, throat abruptly inflated, 5–8 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included or longer pair reaching orifice, pollen sacs opposite, navicular, 1–1.5 mm, dehiscing completely, connective splitting, sides glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent, hairs white, to 0.2 mm, sutures papillate;

staminode (11–)14–22 mm, exserted, 0.5–0.7 mm diam., tip straight to slightly recurved, distal (7–)10–12 mm ± pubescent, hairs yellowish, to 2 mm;

style 13–15 mm.

calyx lobes ovate to lanceolate, 2.5–5.5 × 2–3 mm, sparsely puberulent and glandular-pubescent;

corolla white to light lavender, sometimes tinged pink, with reddish purple nectar guides, tubular, 20–28(–30) mm, glandular-pubescent externally, moderately white- or yellow-lanate internally abaxially, tube 5–7 mm, throat abruptly inflated, 4–8 mm diam., 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens included, pollen sacs opposite, navicular, 1–1.3 mm, dehiscing completely, connective splitting, sides glabrous, sutures papillate;

staminode 15–20 mm, exserted, 0.6–0.8 mm diam., tip straight to slightly recurved, distal 8–10 mm densely pilose, hairs yellow, to 1.5 mm;

style 14–20 mm.

Capsules

5–7 × 4–5 mm, glabrous.

8–10 × 6–7 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 16.

= 16.

Penstemon canescens

Penstemon laxiflorus

Phenology Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Sep). Flowering Mar–Jun.
Habitat Woodlands, thickets, cliffs, barrens. Sandy or rocky open woods, tallgrass prairies, sand barrens.
Elevation 200–1600 m. (700–5200 ft.) 10–500 m. (0–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; GA; IL; IN; KY; MD; NC; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; LA; MS; OK; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

F. W. Pennell (1935) acknowledged that Penstemon canescens varies greatly in leaf size, flower size, and vestiture. He distinguished subsp. brittoniorum by its glabrate leaves with sharply serrate margins and dark purple corollas. Plants with those features are encountered mostly in the southern part of the range of the species, although they are essentially sympatric with subsp. canescens and sometimes in mixed populations with plants with the features of subsp. canescens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Penstemon laxiflorus is a species of the central and western Gulf Coastal Plain and southern Interior Lowland. Pennell cited one specimen each from Florida and Georgia; specimens from those states have not been confirmed. The species shares many features with P. australis, which occurs farther east along the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain and eastern Gulf Coastal Plain. Penstemon laxiflorus usually can be distinguished from P. australis by stem vestiture. Penstemon laxiflorus has stems with only short, retrorse hairs or, if glandular hairs also are present, they are sparse and occur just below the inflorescences. By contrast, P. australis has stems with a distinct mix of short, eglandular hairs and much longer, glandular hairs.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 197. FNA vol. 17, p. 211.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Penstemon
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Synonyms P. laevigatus var. canescens, P. brittoniorum, P. canescens subsp. brittoniorum
Name authority (Britton) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 291. (1894) — (as Pentstemon) Pennell: Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 229. (1935)
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