The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

baccharis-leaf beardtongue

toad-flax beardtongue, toadflax penstemon

Stems

12–50 cm.

ascending to erect, 8–50 cm, retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed or white, scalelike.

Leaves

cauline 5–15 pairs (distal ones much-reduced), 5–30(–46) × 4–15 mm, blade base tapered to acute to cuneate, margins sharply dentate, especially distally, or entire, apex obtuse to acute.

not leathery, glabrous, glabrate, or sparsely to densely retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, sometimes appressed, white, scalelike;

cauline 6–12(–20) pairs, petiolate or sessile, 4–26 × 0.5–3.5 mm, blade oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, base tapered to truncate, apex mucronate.

Thyrses

(2–)5–15(–40) cm, verticillasters (2 or)3–7(–12), cymes 1- or 2(or 3)-flowered;

proximal bracts elliptic to lanceolate, 2–5 × 1–3 mm;

peduncles and pedicels glandular-pubescent.

continuous or interrupted, ± secund, 3–17 cm, axis glandular-pubescent, verticillasters 3–9(–12), cymes 1 or 2(or 3)-flowered, 1(or 2) per node;

proximal bracts lanceolate to linear, 6–25 × 0.7–1 mm;

peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, and sparsely glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

calyx lobes elliptic to ovate, 3.5–5 × 1.5–2.2 mm;

corolla unlined internally, 22–27 mm, glandular-pubescent internally, tube 4–5 mm, throat 6–7 mm diam.;

pollen sacs 1.2–1.5 mm;

staminode 16–19 mm;

style 18–25 mm.

calyx lobes ovate, rarely lanceolate, 4–7(–9) × 2–3 mm, broadly scarious-margined, apex acute to acuminate, glandular-pubescent, hairs pointed;

corolla blue or lavender, lined internally abaxially with reddish purple nectar guides, ventricose-ampliate, 16–20 mm, moderately white- or yellowish villous internally abaxially, tube 5–6 mm, throat abruptly inflated, 5.5–8 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens: longer pair reaching orifice or slightly exserted, filaments glabrous, pollen sacs opposite, navicular, 0.9–1.3 mm, sutures papillate;

staminode 6–8 mm, exserted, flattened distally, 0.3–0.5 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 1–5 mm densely pilose, hairs yellow or golden yellow, to 1.2 mm, rest of distal 1–7 mm glabrous or sparsely to moderately pilose;

style 10–11 mm.

Capsules

7–10 × 5–7 mm.

5–9 × 3.5–5 mm.

Penstemon baccharifolius

Penstemon linarioides

Phenology Flowering Apr–Oct.
Habitat Limestone cliffs, ledges, hills.
Elevation 300–2000 m. (1000–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, San Luis Potosí)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CO; NM; NV; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Penstemon baccharifolius is known from the Edwards Plateau and eastern Trans-Pecos of Texas, from Bandera and Medina counties west to extreme eastern Presidio County. It also occurs in the mountains of northern Coahuila, Mexico. I. Méndez Larios and J. L. Villaseñor Ríos (2001) listed it for the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 4 (4 in the flora).

Penstemon linarioides is widespread and highly variable. D. D. Keck (1937) recognized seven subspecies on the basis of habit, pubescence, leaf shape, and staminode bearding. Some of the variation on which those subspecies are based appears to be clinal or too variable within or among regional populations to be of taxonomic value.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves glabrous, glabrate, retrorsely hairy, or pubescent, hairs pointed.
var. sileri
1. Leaves sparsely to densely retrorsely hairy, hairs appressed, white, scalelike.
→ 2
2. Cauline leaf blades oblanceolate, distals sometimes lanceolate, 1.5–3.5 mm wide.
var. maguirei
2. Cauline leaf blades oblanceolate to linear, 0.5–2 mm wide.
→ 3
3. Staminodes: distal 3–5 mm densely pilose, hairs golden yellow or yellow, to 1 mm, rest of distal 1–4 mm sparsely to moderately pilose.
var. linarioides
3. Staminodes: distal 1 mm densely pilose, hairs yellow, to 0.8 mm, rest of distal 3–4 mm glabrous or sparsely pilose (with much shorter hairs).
var. coloradoensis
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 97. FNA vol. 17, p. 103.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Baccharifolii Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Caespitosi
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Subordinate taxa
P. linarioides var. coloradoensis, P. linarioides var. linarioides, P. linarioides var. maguirei, P. linarioides var. sileri
Name authority Hooker: Bot. Mag. 78: plate 4627. (1852) — (as Pentstemon) A. Gray: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 112. (1859) — (as Pentstemon)
Web links