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broadbeard beardtongue, narrow-leaf beardtongue

pine-leaf beardtongue, pineneedle beardtongue, pineneedle penstemon

Stems

ascending to erect, (6–)15–45(–65) cm, glabrous or scabrous.

erect, (5–)10–50 cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed.

Leaves

basal and cauline, basal not reduced, glabrous, sometimes scabrous;

basal and proximal cauline (25–)40–90 × 2–18 mm, blade spatulate to oblanceolate or linear, base tapered, apex rounded to obtuse or acute;

cauline 2–8 pairs, sessile, 18–113 × 2–24(–40) mm, blade ovate to lanceolate or linear, base tapered to cordate-clasping, apex acute to acuminate.

leathery, sparsely retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, especially along margins, or glabrous;

cauline 10–30 pairs, sessile, 4–32 × 0.5–1.2 mm, blade linear, base tapered to clasping, apex acuminate.

Thyrses

continuous or interrupted, cylindric, (2–)5–30(–37) cm, axis glabrous, rarely scabrous, verticillasters (3–)5–15(–26), cymes (2–)4–8(–10)-flowered;

proximal bracts ovate to lanceolate or linear, (3–)12–98 × (1–)2–28 mm;

peduncles and pedicels glabrous or scabrous, peduncles to 3 mm.

interrupted, secund, (1–)3–15 cm, axis retrorsely hairy to puberulent, or glabrous, verticillasters 1–7, cymes 1–3-flowered, 1(or 2) per node;

proximal bracts linear, 3–14 × 0.3–1 mm;

peduncles and pedicels ascending to erect, glandular-pubescent, sometimes puberulent.

Flowers

calyx lobes ovate to lanceolate, 4–8 × 1–2.5 mm, margins entire or erose, broadly scarious, glabrous or scabrous;

corolla lavender, blue, or pink, with violet or reddish purple nectar guides, tubular-funnelform, 13–20(–22) mm, glabrous externally, sparsely white-pubescent internally abaxially or glabrous, tube 6–8 mm, throat gradually inflated, 4–6 mm diam., rounded abaxially;

stamens included or longer pair reaching orifice, pollen sacs opposite, (0.9–)1.1–1.5 mm, sutures papillate;

staminode 8–10 mm, reaching orifice, 0.9–1.2 mm diam., tip recurved, distal 4–6 mm sparsely villous, hairs golden yellow, to 1 mm, hairs on proximal part of staminode mostly along margins;

style 8–12 mm.

calyx lobes lanceolate, 5–7 × 1.5–2 mm, scarious-margined, glandular-pubescent, hairs pointed;

corolla scarlet, throat sometimes yellow or yellow- or orange-spotted, unlined internally, salverform, 25–32 mm, yellow-lanate internally abaxially, tube 4–6 mm, throat slightly inflated, 4–5 mm diam., slightly 2-ridged abaxially;

stamens exserted (often hidden by galeate adaxial lobes), filaments glabrous, pollen sacs opposite, explanate, 0.8–1 mm, sutures smooth;

staminode 12–17 mm, included, slightly flattened distally, 0.1–0.2 mm diam., tip straight, distal 9–10 mm densely pilose, hairs yellow, to 1.3 mm;

style 21–27 mm.

Capsules

9–15 × 5–7 mm.

5–9 × 3–4 mm.

2n

= 16.

Penstemon angustifolius

Penstemon pinifolius

Phenology Flowering Jun–Jul(–Sep).
Habitat Rocky slopes, cliffs.
Elevation 1800–3100 m. (5900–10200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CO; KS; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; UT; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 5 (5 in the flora).

Penstemon angustifolius comprises five varieties: two widespread in the west-central Great Plains and three with more limited, allopatric ranges.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Penstemon pinifolius has been included as an anomalous member of sect. Leptostemon Trautvetter; R. M. Straw (1962) expressed doubt about that association. It was allied with members of sect. Caespitosi in the molecular study by A. D. Wolfe et al. (2006).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Corollas pink; cauline leaf blades lanceolate to linear; Juab and Millard counties, Utah.
var. dulcis
1. Corollas blue or lavender, rarely pink; cauline leaf blades ovate to lanceolate or linear (if corollas pink, leaf blades broader or plants not of Juab or Millard counties, Utah); Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming.
→ 2
2. Cauline leaf blades and proximal bracts lanceolate to linear.
→ 3
3. Stems glabrous or scabrous; corollas 14–18 mm; cauline leaves 2–5(or 6) pairs; stems (6–)10–30 cm; Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming.
var. angustifolius
3. Stems glabrous, rarely scabrous; corollas (14–)18–20(–22) mm; cauline leaves 4–7 pairs; stems (8–)15–45 cm; Colorado, Utah.
var. vernalensis
2. Cauline leaf blades and proximal bracts ovate to lanceolate.
→ 4
4. Corollas 13–20(–22) mm, blue, rarely lavender or pink; Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wyoming.
var. caudatus
4. Corollas 14–17 mm, blue to lavender or pink; Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah.
var. venosus
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 113. FNA vol. 17, p. 105.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Coerulei Plantaginaceae > Penstemon > subg. Penstemon > sect. Caespitosi
Sibling taxa
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinifolius, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
P. abietinus, P. absarokensis, P. acaulis, P. acuminatus, P. alamosensis, P. albertinus, P. albidus, P. albomarginatus, P. ambiguus, P. ammophilus, P. anguineus, P. angustifolius, P. arenarius, P. arenicola, P. aridus, P. arkansanus, P. attenuatus, P. atwoodii, P. auriberbis, P. australis, P. azureus, P. baccharifolius, P. barbatus, P. barnebyi, P. barrettiae, P. bicolor, P. bleaklyi, P. bracteatus, P. breviculus, P. brevisepalus, P. buckleyi, P. caesius, P. caespitosus, P. calcareus, P. californicus, P. calycosus, P. canescens, P. cardinalis, P. cardwellii, P. carnosus, P. caryi, P. centranthifolius, P. cinicola, P. clevelandii, P. clutei, P. cobaea, P. comarrhenus, P. compactus, P. concinnus, P. confertus, P. confusus, P. crandallii, P. cusickii, P. cyananthus, P. cyaneus, P. cyanocaulis, P. cyathophorus, P. dasyphyllus, P. davidsonii, P. deamii, P. deaveri, P. debilis, P. degeneri, P. deustus, P. digitalis, P. diphyllus, P. discolor, P. dissectus, P. distans, P. dolius, P. duchesnensis, P. eatonii, P. elegantulus, P. ellipticus, P. eriantherus, P. euglaucus, P. fendleri, P. filiformis, P. flavescens, P. floribundus, P. floridus, P. flowersii, P. franklinii, P. fremontii, P. fruticiformis, P. fruticosus, P. gairdneri, P. gibbensii, P. glaber, P. glandulosus, P. glaucinus, P. globosus, P. goodrichii, P. gormanii, P. gracilentus, P. gracilis, P. grahamii, P. grandiflorus, P. griffinii, P. grinnellii, P. guadalupensis, P. hallii, P. harbourii, P. harringtonii, P. havardii, P. haydenii, P. heterodoxus, P. heterophyllus, P. hirsutus, P. humilis, P. idahoensis, P. immanifestus, P. incertus, P. inflatus, P. jamesii, P. janishiae, P. kingii, P. kralii, P. labrosus, P. laetus, P. laevigatus, P. laevis, P. lanceolatus, P. laricifolius, P. laxiflorus, P. laxus, P. leiophyllus, P. lemhiensis, P. lentus, P. leonardii, P. linarioides, P. longiflorus, P. lyallii, P. marcusii, P. mensarum, P. metcalfei, P. miser, P. moffatii, P. monoensis, P. montanus, P. moriahensis, P. mucronatus, P. multiflorus, P. murrayanus, P. nanus, P. navajoa, P. neomexicanus, P. neotericus, P. newberryi, P. nitidus, P. nudiflorus, P. oklahomensis, P. oliganthus, P. ophianthus, P. osterhoutii, P. ovatus, P. pachyphyllus, P. pahutensis, P. pallidus, P. palmeri, P. papillatus, P. parryi, P. parvulus, P. parvus, P. patens, P. payettensis, P. paysoniorum, P. peckii, P. penlandii, P. pennellianus, P. perpulcher, P. personatus, P. petiolatus, P. pinorum, P. platyphyllus, P. pratensis, P. procerus, P. pruinosus, P. pseudoputus, P. pseudospectabilis, P. pudicus, P. pumilus, P. purpusii, P. putus, P. radicosus, P. rattanii, P. retrorsus, P. rhizomatosus, P. richardsonii, P. roezlii, P. rostriflorus, P. rubicundus, P. rupicola, P. rydbergii, P. saxosorum, P. scapoides, P. scariosus, P. secundiflorus, P. seorsus, P. sepalulus, P. serrulatus, P. smallii, P. spatulatus, P. speciosus, P. spectabilis, P. stenophyllus, P. stephensii, P. strictiformis, P. strictus, P. subglaber, P. subserratus, P. subulatus, P. sudans, P. superbus, P. tenuiflorus, P. tenuis, P. teucrioides, P. thompsoniae, P. thurberi, P. tidestromii, P. tiehmii, P. tracyi, P. triflorus, P. triphyllus, P. tubaeflorus, P. uintahensis, P. utahensis, P. venustus, P. virens, P. virgatus, P. wardii, P. washingtonensis, P. watsonii, P. whippleanus, P. wilcoxii, P. wrightii, P. xylus, P. yampaënsis
Subordinate taxa
P. angustifolius var. angustifolius, P. angustifolius var. caudatus, P. angustifolius var. dulcis, P. angustifolius var. venosus, P. angustifolius var. vernalensis
Name authority Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 738. (1813) — (as Pentstemon angustifolia) Greene: Bot. Gaz. 6: 218. (1881) — (as Pentstemon)
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