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crimson fountain grass, Fountaingrass, tender Fountaingrass

mission grass

Habit Plants perennial, or annual in temperate climates; cespitose. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose from a hard, knotty base.
Culms

40-150 cm, erect, pubescent beneath the panicle;

nodes glabrous.

30-200 cm, erect, branching;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous, margins ciliate;

ligules 1.5-2.7 mm;

blades 15-55 cm long, 4-18 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent.

Leaves

green, sometimes glaucous;

sheaths glabrous, margins ciliate;

ligules 0.5-1.1 mm;

blades 20-65 cm long, 2-3.5 mm wide, convolute or folded, scabrous, midvein noticeably thickened.

Panicles

(6)8-32 cm long, 40-52 mm wide, erect or arching, pink to dark burgundy;

rachises pubescent.

terminal, 10-25 cm long, 15-30 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect to drooping, white, yellow, light brown, or pink to deep purple;

rachises terete, scabrous.

Spikelets

4.5-7 mm, sessile or pedicellate;

pedicels to 0.1 mm;

lower glumes absent or to 0.3 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 1.2-3.6 mm, (0)1-veined;

lower florets usually sterile, sometimes staminate;

lower lemmas 4-6 mm, 3-veined, acuminate, midvein excurrent to 0.7 mm;

lower paleas usually absent, if present, to 4.4 mm;

anthers absent or 2.3-2.4 mm;

upper lemmas 4.5-6.7 mm, attenuate, 5-veined, midvein excurrent to 0.7 mm, margins glabrous;

anthers 2.1-2.7 mm.

3-4.5 mm, sessile;

lower glumes absent or to 2 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 3-4.5 mm, glabrous, 5-7-veined, 3-lobed;

lower florets sterile or staminate;

lower lemmas 3-3.9 mm, 5-7-veined, apices lobed;

lower paleas 2.9-3.7 mm;

anthers absent or 1.7-2 mm;

upper florets disarticulating at maturity;

upper lemmas 1.7-3 mm, coriaceous, shiny, 5-veined, apices ciliate;

anthers 1.3-2.1 mm.

Caryopses

about 1.7 mm, concealed by the lemma and palea at maturity.

Fascicles

8-10 per cm;

fascicle axes 2.3-4.5 mm, with 1-4 spikelets;

outer bristles 28-65, 0.9-19 mm;

inner bristles 8-16, 8-27 mm, ciliate;

primary bristles 26.5-34.3 mm, ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles.

33-45 per cm, disarticulating at maturity;

fascicles axes 0.2-0.5 mm, with 1 spikelet;

outer bristles 13-30, 1.3-5 mm, scabrous;

inner bristles 6-14, 4.3-11.5 mm, long ciliate;

primary bristles 14-25 mm, long-ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles.

2n

= 27.

= 18, 36, 45, 48, 52, 53, 54, 56, 78.

Pennisetum setaceum

Pennisetum polystachion

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; FL; KY; LA; NM; OR; TN; HI
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
FL; TX; HI; PR
Discussion

Pennisetum setaceum is a desert grass native to the eastern Mediterranean region. It is a popular ornamental throughout the southern United States, but it is also an invasive weed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pennisetum polystachion is a polymorphic, weedy African species that has become established in the tropics and subtropics, including Florida. The U.S. Department of Agriculture considers it a noxious weed. Only Pennisetum polystachion subsp. setosum (Sw.) Brunken has been found in the Flora region. It differs from P. polystachion (L.) Schutt. subsp. polystachion as indicated:

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants annual, usually profusely branching; fascicles white, pink, red, or deep purple
subsp. polystachion
1. Plants perennial, usually sparingly branched; fascicles yellow, light brown, or purplish
subsp. setosum
Source FNA vol. 25. FNA vol. 25.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum
Sibling taxa
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
Subordinate taxa
P. polystachion subsp. polystachion, P. polystachion subsp. setosum
Synonyms Paspalum debile
Name authority (Forssk.) Chiov. (L.) Schult.
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