Pennisetum glaucum |
Pennisetum orientale |
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pearl millet, yellow bristlegrass |
Chinese fountain grass, oriental pennisetum, white Fountaingrass |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial; rhizomatous. |
Culms | 50-300 cm, erect, branching; nodes glabrous. |
50-200 cm, erect, pubescent beneath the panicle; nodes pubescent. |
Sheaths | glabrous or pubescent, with or without ciliate margins; ligules 2-5 mm; blades 15-100 cm long, 7-70 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Leaves | green or glaucous; sheaths antrorsely scabridulous, mostly glabrous, margins ciliate; ligules 1-1.7 mm; blades 25-50 cm long, 3-9 mm wide, flat, antrorsely scabridulous, glabrous or pubescent, margins ciliate or glabrous basally, midvein not noticeably thickened. |
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Panicles | terminal, 4-200 cm long, 2-70 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect; rachises terete, densely pubescent. |
11.5-37.3 cm long, 35-50 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect to slightly arching, white (sometimes purplish-tinged); rachises terete, pubescent. |
Spikelets | 3-7 mm; pedicels 0.6-1.8 mm; lower glumes absent or to 1.5 mm, veinless; upper glumes 0.5-3.5 mm, 3-5-veined; lower florets staminate or sterile; lower lemmas 1.5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-7-veined, margins ciliate; lower paleas vestigial or fully developed, margins ciliate; anthers 2.2-2.5 mm, penicillate; upper florets coriaceous, shiny; upper lemmas 4.3-7 mm, 5-7(9)-veined, margins ciliate; upper paleas 3.4-3.9 mm, pubescent, at least near the base, margins ciliate; anthers 2-2.2 mm, penicillate. |
5.6-6.7 mm; pedicels 0.1-0.2 mm; lower glumes 1-2.2 mm, veinless; upper glumes 3.1-5.5 mm, 1-3-veined; lower florets staminate; lower lemmas 5.2-6.5 mm, 4-6-veined; lower paleas 3.8-5 mm; anthers 2.3-3 mm; upper florets not disarticulating at maturity; upper lemmas 5.2-6.2 mm, margins glabrous, 5-veined; upper paleas bifid, teeth 0.3-0.8 mm; anthers 1.9-2.9 mm. |
Caryopses | 2-5.5 mm long, 1.6-3.2 mm wide, protruding from the lemma and palea at maturity. |
concealed by the lemma and palea at maturity. |
Fascicles | 33-160 per cm; fascicle axes 1-28 mm, persistent, with 1-9 spikelets; outer bristles 44-131, 0.5-6 mm; inner bristles 6-19, 4-6 mm, plumose; primary bristles 5.5-6.3, ciliate, sometimes noticeably longer than the other bristles. |
5-12 per cm; fascicle axes 1-6 mm, with 1-10 spikelets; outer bristles 0-24, 0.8-9.6 mm, terete, scabrous; inner bristles 6-20, 5.6-17.5 mm, ciliate; primary bristles 12.2-23.8 mm, ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles. |
2n | = 14. |
= 18, 27, 36, 45, 54. |
Pennisetum glaucum |
Pennisetum orientale |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; PR
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TX |
Discussion | Pennisetum glaucum, a native of Asia, is cultivated in the United States for grain, forage, and birdseed. It is the most drought tolerant of the tropical cereal crops. Under favorable conditions, 10,000-30,000+ fascicles may be produced. In the Flora region, it is used for soil stabilization, partly because it seldom persists for more than 1-2 years. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pennisetum orientale is native from North Africa to India. It is grown as an ornamental in the Flora region, but has potential as a forage species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25. | FNA vol. 25. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | (L.) R. Br. | Willd. ex Rich. |
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