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pearl millet, yellow bristlegrass

bentspike Fountaingrass

Habit Plants annual. Plants perennial; cespitose.
Culms

50-300 cm, erect, branching;

nodes glabrous.

1.5-2(4) m, decumbent, geniculate, branching;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous or pubescent, with or without ciliate margins;

ligules 2-5 mm;

blades 15-100 cm long, 7-70 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent.

Leaves

green;

sheaths glabrous;

ligules 0.5-1.5 mm;

blades 23-40 cm long, 7-12 mm wide, flat, glabrous.

Panicles

terminal, 4-200 cm long, 2-70 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect;

rachises terete, densely pubescent.

terminal, 15-22 cm long, 15-21 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, flexible, drooping, green;

rachises terete, puberulent.

Spikelets

3-7 mm;

pedicels 0.6-1.8 mm;

lower glumes absent or to 1.5 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 0.5-3.5 mm, 3-5-veined;

lower florets staminate or sterile;

lower lemmas 1.5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-7-veined, margins ciliate;

lower paleas vestigial or fully developed, margins ciliate;

anthers 2.2-2.5 mm, penicillate;

upper florets coriaceous, shiny;

upper lemmas 4.3-7 mm, 5-7(9)-veined, margins ciliate;

upper paleas 3.4-3.9 mm, pubescent, at least near the base, margins ciliate;

anthers 2-2.2 mm, penicillate.

5.2-6.6 mm, sessile;

lower glumes 1.7-2.9 mm, 1-veined;

upper glumes 4.5-6.3 mm, about as long as the spikelets, (7)9-veined;

lower florets sterile;

lower lemmas 4.8-6 mm, 7-veined, acuminate to attenuate, midvein excurrent for 0-0.6 mm;

lower paleas absent;

upper lemmas 4.9-6 mm, 5-veined, acuminate to attenuate, midvein excurrent for 0-0.6 mm;

anthers 1.3-1.7 mm.

Caryopses

2-5.5 mm long, 1.6-3.2 mm wide, protruding from the lemma and palea at maturity.

Fascicles

33-160 per cm;

fascicle axes 1-28 mm, persistent, with 1-9 spikelets;

outer bristles 44-131, 0.5-6 mm;

inner bristles 6-19, 4-6 mm, plumose;

primary bristles 5.5-6.3, ciliate, sometimes noticeably longer than the other bristles.

24-49 per cm;

fascicle axes 0.4-0.5 mm, with 1 spikelet;

most bristles only slightly longer than the spikelets;

outer bristles 27-41, 2.4-8.5 mm;

inner bristles 3-5, 6.2-11 mm, scabrous;

primary bristles 7.6-11.8 mm, not noticeably longer than the other bristles, scabrous.

2n

= 14.

= 36.

Pennisetum glaucum

Pennisetum nervosum

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; PR
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pennisetum glaucum, a native of Asia, is cultivated in the United States for grain, forage, and birdseed. It is the most drought tolerant of the tropical cereal crops. Under favorable conditions, 10,000-30,000+ fascicles may be produced. In the Flora region, it is used for soil stabilization, partly because it seldom persists for more than 1-2 years.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pennisetum nervosum is native to South America. It has been introduced into the Flora region, being known from populations adjacent to the Rio Grande River in Cameron and Hidalgo counties, Texas, and San Diego County, California.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25. FNA vol. 25.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum
Sibling taxa
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
Name authority (L.) R. Br. (Nees) Trin
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