Pennisetum glaucum |
Pennisetum macrourum |
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pearl millet, yellow bristlegrass |
African feathergrass, waterside reed |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial; rhizomatous. |
Culms | 50-300 cm, erect, branching; nodes glabrous. |
60-200 cm, erect; nodes pubescent or glabrous. |
Sheaths | glabrous or pubescent, with or without ciliate margins; ligules 2-5 mm; blades 15-100 cm long, 7-70 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent. |
pubescent or glabrous; ligules 1-1.7 mm; blades 20-50 cm long, 4-12 mm wide, flat to involute, glabrous, pubescent, or scabrous. |
Panicles | terminal, 4-200 cm long, 2-70 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect; rachises terete, densely pubescent. |
terminal, 6-40 cm long, 20-46 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect, white to stramineous; rachises terete, scabrous. |
Spikelets | 3-7 mm; pedicels 0.6-1.8 mm; lower glumes absent or to 1.5 mm, veinless; upper glumes 0.5-3.5 mm, 3-5-veined; lower florets staminate or sterile; lower lemmas 1.5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-7-veined, margins ciliate; lower paleas vestigial or fully developed, margins ciliate; anthers 2.2-2.5 mm, penicillate; upper florets coriaceous, shiny; upper lemmas 4.3-7 mm, 5-7(9)-veined, margins ciliate; upper paleas 3.4-3.9 mm, pubescent, at least near the base, margins ciliate; anthers 2-2.2 mm, penicillate. |
3-8 mm, sessile or pedicellate, glabrous; pedicels to 0.2 mm; lower glumes absent or 1.2-1.4 mm, veinless; upper glumes 0.8-2 mm, 0-1-veined; lower florets sterile; lower lemmas 3-7.7 mm, 3-5(7)-veined; lower paleas absent; upper lemmas 3-6.8 mm, 5-veined; anthers 2.6-3.5 mm. |
Caryopses | 2-5.5 mm long, 1.6-3.2 mm wide, protruding from the lemma and palea at maturity. |
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Fascicles | 33-160 per cm; fascicle axes 1-28 mm, persistent, with 1-9 spikelets; outer bristles 44-131, 0.5-6 mm; inner bristles 6-19, 4-6 mm, plumose; primary bristles 5.5-6.3, ciliate, sometimes noticeably longer than the other bristles. |
21-46 per cm; fascicle axes 0.4-0.6(2) mm, with 1(2) spikelet(s); outer bristles 15-20, 2.5-8 mm; inner bristles 8-10, 4-9 mm, scabrous; primary bristles 12.5-20 mm, noticeably longer than the other bristles. |
2n | = 14. |
= 54. |
Pennisetum glaucum |
Pennisetum macrourum |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; PR
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CA; TX; HI |
Discussion | Pennisetum glaucum, a native of Asia, is cultivated in the United States for grain, forage, and birdseed. It is the most drought tolerant of the tropical cereal crops. Under favorable conditions, 10,000-30,000+ fascicles may be produced. In the Flora region, it is used for soil stabilization, partly because it seldom persists for more than 1-2 years. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pennisetum macrourum is native to Africa, where it grows along rivers and lake margins. In the Flora region, it is known only from one location in Monterey County, California. Although sometimes recommended as an ornamental grass, the U.S. Department of Agriculture considers it a noxious weed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25. | FNA vol. 25. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | (L.) R. Br. | Trin. |
Web links |
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