Pennisetum glaucum |
Pennisetum macrostachys |
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pearl millet, yellow bristlegrass |
Pacific Fountaingrass |
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Habit | Plants annual. | Plants perennial, or annual in temperate climates; cespitose. |
Culms | 50-300 cm, erect, branching; nodes glabrous. |
100-300 cm, erect, branching; nodes glabrous. |
Sheaths | glabrous or pubescent, with or without ciliate margins; ligules 2-5 mm; blades 15-100 cm long, 7-70 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Leaves | burgundy; sheaths glabrous; ligules 0.1-0.3 mm; blades 30-53.5 cm long, (15) 18-35 mm wide, flat, glabrous. |
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Panicles | terminal, 4-200 cm long, 2-70 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect; rachises terete, densely pubescent. |
terminal, (15.5)18-40 cm long, 32-50 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, flexible, drooping, burgundy; rachises terete, shortly pubescent. |
Spikelets | 3-7 mm; pedicels 0.6-1.8 mm; lower glumes absent or to 1.5 mm, veinless; upper glumes 0.5-3.5 mm, 3-5-veined; lower florets staminate or sterile; lower lemmas 1.5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-7-veined, margins ciliate; lower paleas vestigial or fully developed, margins ciliate; anthers 2.2-2.5 mm, penicillate; upper florets coriaceous, shiny; upper lemmas 4.3-7 mm, 5-7(9)-veined, margins ciliate; upper paleas 3.4-3.9 mm, pubescent, at least near the base, margins ciliate; anthers 2-2.2 mm, penicillate. |
4.4-4.9 mm, sessile or pedicellate, glabrous; pedicels to 0.1 mm; lower glumes 1.1 - 1.3 mm, veinless; upper glumes 2.1 - 2.8 mm, usually about 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 1-3-veined; lower florets staminate (sterile); lower lemmas 4-4.5 mm, 5-veined; lower paleas absent or to 2.6 mm; anthers absent or 1.4-1.6 mm; upper lemmas 4.3-4.8 mm, 5-veined; anthers 1.6-1.8 mm. |
Caryopses | 2-5.5 mm long, 1.6-3.2 mm wide, protruding from the lemma and palea at maturity. |
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Fascicles | 33-160 per cm; fascicle axes 1-28 mm, persistent, with 1-9 spikelets; outer bristles 44-131, 0.5-6 mm; inner bristles 6-19, 4-6 mm, plumose; primary bristles 5.5-6.3, ciliate, sometimes noticeably longer than the other bristles. |
17-22 per cm; fascicle axes 0.5-0.7 mm, with 1 spikelet; outer bristles 21-40, 1.2-22.3 mm, scabrous; inner bristles absent; primary bristles 20-23 mm, not noticeably longer than the other bristles, scabrous. |
2n | = 14. |
= 68. |
Pennisetum glaucum |
Pennisetum macrostachys |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; PR
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Discussion | Pennisetum glaucum, a native of Asia, is cultivated in the United States for grain, forage, and birdseed. It is the most drought tolerant of the tropical cereal crops. Under favorable conditions, 10,000-30,000+ fascicles may be produced. In the Flora region, it is used for soil stabilization, partly because it seldom persists for more than 1-2 years. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pennisetum macrostachys is native to the South Pacific. It is grown in the Flora region as an ornamental species, being sold as 'Burgundy Giant'. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25. | FNA vol. 25. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | (L.) R. Br. | (Brongn.) Trin. |
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