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pearl millet, yellow bristlegrass

flaccidgrass, Himalayan Fountaingrass

Habit Plants annual. Plants perennial; rhizomatous.
Culms

50-300 cm, erect, branching;

nodes glabrous.

50-200 cm, erect, branching, smooth or scabrous beneath the panicle;

nodes shortly pubescent or glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous or pubescent, with or without ciliate margins;

ligules 2-5 mm;

blades 15-100 cm long, 7-70 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent.

Leaves

green, sometimes glaucous;

sheaths glabrous, margins ciliate;

ligules 1-1.5 mm;

blades 34-44 cm long, 5-10 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent, margins ciliate or glabrous basally.

Panicles

terminal, 4-200 cm long, 2-70 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect;

rachises terete, densely pubescent.

all terminal, 8-17 cm long, 12-28 mm wide, erect, white;

rachises scabrous below, sometimes puberulent above.

Spikelets

3-7 mm;

pedicels 0.6-1.8 mm;

lower glumes absent or to 1.5 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 0.5-3.5 mm, 3-5-veined;

lower florets staminate or sterile;

lower lemmas 1.5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-7-veined, margins ciliate;

lower paleas vestigial or fully developed, margins ciliate;

anthers 2.2-2.5 mm, penicillate;

upper florets coriaceous, shiny;

upper lemmas 4.3-7 mm, 5-7(9)-veined, margins ciliate;

upper paleas 3.4-3.9 mm, pubescent, at least near the base, margins ciliate;

anthers 2-2.2 mm, penicillate.

5.2-6.7 noticeably longer than the other bristles.;

spikelets 5.2-6.7 mm;

pedicels 0.1-0.5 mm;

lower glumes 0.9-1.8 mm, 0-1-veined;

upper glumes 2.6-4.2 mm, 1-5-veined;

lower florets staminate;

lower lemmas 5.1-6.4 mm, 5(6)-veined;

lower paleas 4.5-5.3 mm;

anthers 2.8-3.3 mm;

upper florets not disarticulating at maturity;

upper lemmas 5-5.8 mm, 5(6)-veined;

upper paleas with a bifid apex, teeth 0.1-0.2 mm;

anthers 2.6-3.2 mm.

Caryopses

2-5.5 mm long, 1.6-3.2 mm wide, protruding from the lemma and palea at maturity.

concealed by the lemma and palea at maturity.

Fascicles

33-160 per cm;

fascicle axes 1-28 mm, persistent, with 1-9 spikelets;

outer bristles 44-131, 0.5-6 mm;

inner bristles 6-19, 4-6 mm, plumose;

primary bristles 5.5-6.3, ciliate, sometimes noticeably longer than the other bristles.

6-15 per cm;

fascicle axes 0.6-3.1 mm, with 1-6 spikelets;

outer bristles 20-60, 0.8-12.3 mm;

inner bristles 3-7, 5.5-16.5 mm, flattened, neither grooved nor fused, ciliate;

primary bristles 12.9-22.5 mm, ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles.

2n

= 14.

= 18, 36, 45.

Pennisetum glaucum

Pennisetum flaccidum

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; PR
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Discussion

Pennisetum glaucum, a native of Asia, is cultivated in the United States for grain, forage, and birdseed. It is the most drought tolerant of the tropical cereal crops. Under favorable conditions, 10,000-30,000+ fascicles may be produced. In the Flora region, it is used for soil stabilization, partly because it seldom persists for more than 1-2 years.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pennisetum flaccidum is native to central Asia. Although grown primarily as an ornamental, it is reportedly used for forage in the Flora region, but only one record, from Brazos County, Texas, is known. It is sometimes sold, incorrectly, as P. incomptum Nees ex Steud. [= P. ciliare].

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25. FNA vol. 25.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum
Sibling taxa
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
Name authority (L.) R. Br. Griseb.
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