Pennisetum clandestinum |
Pennisetum polystachion |
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| kikuyu grass |
mission grass |
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| Habit | Plants perennial; rhizomatous and stoloniferous. | Plants annual or perennial; cespitose from a hard, knotty base. | ||||
| Culms | 3-45 cm, decumbent, highly branching; nodes glabrous. |
30-200 cm, erect, branching; nodes glabrous. |
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| Sheaths | glabrous or pubescent; ligules 1.3-2.2 mm; blades 1-15 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, flat or folded, glabrous or pubescent. |
glabrous, margins ciliate; ligules 1.5-2.7 mm; blades 15-55 cm long, 4-18 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent. |
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| Panicles | 2-2.7 cm, axillary, concealed in the sheaths; rachises flat, glabrous or scabrous. |
terminal, 10-25 cm long, 15-30 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect to drooping, white, yellow, light brown, or pink to deep purple; rachises terete, scabrous. |
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| Spikelets | 10-22 mm, sessile or pedicellate, pedicels to 0.2 mm; lower glumes usually absent, sometimes to 0.5 mm, veinless; upper glumes 0-1.3(3.5) mm, veinless; lower florets sterile; lower lemmas 10-22 mm, 9-13-veined; lower paleas usually absent; upper lemmas 10-22 mm, 8-12-veined; upper paleas 2-7-veined; anthers 4.7-7 mm, long-exserted from the florets at anthesis. |
3-4.5 mm, sessile; lower glumes absent or to 2 mm, veinless; upper glumes 3-4.5 mm, glabrous, 5-7-veined, 3-lobed; lower florets sterile or staminate; lower lemmas 3-3.9 mm, 5-7-veined, apices lobed; lower paleas 2.9-3.7 mm; anthers absent or 1.7-2 mm; upper florets disarticulating at maturity; upper lemmas 1.7-3 mm, coriaceous, shiny, 5-veined, apices ciliate; anthers 1.3-2.1 mm. |
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| Caryopses | about 1.7 mm, concealed by the lemma and palea at maturity. |
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| Fascicles | 1-6; axes to 0.5 mm, with 1-2 spikelets; outer and inner bristles alike, 6-15, 0.5-10.9 mm; primary bristles 10-14 mm, usually not noticeably longer than the other bristles. |
33-45 per cm, disarticulating at maturity; fascicles axes 0.2-0.5 mm, with 1 spikelet; outer bristles 13-30, 1.3-5 mm, scabrous; inner bristles 6-14, 4.3-11.5 mm, long ciliate; primary bristles 14-25 mm, long-ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles. |
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| 2n | = 36. |
= 18, 36, 45, 48, 52, 53, 54, 56, 78. |
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Pennisetum clandestinum |
Pennisetum polystachion |
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| Distribution |
CA; HI; PR; Virgin Islands |
FL; TX; HI; PR |
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| Discussion | Pennisetum clandestinum is native to Africa. It now grows in many parts of the world, often as a forage or lawn grass. The U.S. Department of Agriculture considers it a noxious weed. In parts of the Flora region, it is well-established in lawns. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pennisetum polystachion is a polymorphic, weedy African species that has become established in the tropics and subtropics, including Florida. The U.S. Department of Agriculture considers it a noxious weed. Only Pennisetum polystachion subsp. setosum (Sw.) Brunken has been found in the Flora region. It differs from P. polystachion (L.) Schutt. subsp. polystachion as indicated: (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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| Parent taxa | ||||||
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| Key |
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| Name authority | Hochst. ex Chiov. | (L.) Schult. | ||||
| Source | FNA vol. 25. | FNA vol. 25. | ||||
| Web links | ||||||