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kikuyu grass

mission grass

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomatous and stoloniferous. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose from a hard, knotty base.
Culms

3-45 cm, decumbent, highly branching;

nodes glabrous.

30-200 cm, erect, branching;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous or pubescent;

ligules 1.3-2.2 mm;

blades 1-15 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, flat or folded, glabrous or pubescent.

glabrous, margins ciliate;

ligules 1.5-2.7 mm;

blades 15-55 cm long, 4-18 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent.

Panicles

2-2.7 cm, axillary, concealed in the sheaths;

rachises flat, glabrous or scabrous.

terminal, 10-25 cm long, 15-30 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect to drooping, white, yellow, light brown, or pink to deep purple;

rachises terete, scabrous.

Spikelets

10-22 mm, sessile or pedicellate, pedicels to 0.2 mm;

lower glumes usually absent, sometimes to 0.5 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 0-1.3(3.5) mm, veinless;

lower florets sterile;

lower lemmas 10-22 mm, 9-13-veined;

lower paleas usually absent;

upper lemmas 10-22 mm, 8-12-veined;

upper paleas 2-7-veined;

anthers 4.7-7 mm, long-exserted from the florets at anthesis.

3-4.5 mm, sessile;

lower glumes absent or to 2 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 3-4.5 mm, glabrous, 5-7-veined, 3-lobed;

lower florets sterile or staminate;

lower lemmas 3-3.9 mm, 5-7-veined, apices lobed;

lower paleas 2.9-3.7 mm;

anthers absent or 1.7-2 mm;

upper florets disarticulating at maturity;

upper lemmas 1.7-3 mm, coriaceous, shiny, 5-veined, apices ciliate;

anthers 1.3-2.1 mm.

Caryopses

about 1.7 mm, concealed by the lemma and palea at maturity.

Fascicles

1-6;

axes to 0.5 mm, with 1-2 spikelets;

outer and inner bristles alike, 6-15, 0.5-10.9 mm;

primary bristles 10-14 mm, usually not noticeably longer than the other bristles.

33-45 per cm, disarticulating at maturity;

fascicles axes 0.2-0.5 mm, with 1 spikelet;

outer bristles 13-30, 1.3-5 mm, scabrous;

inner bristles 6-14, 4.3-11.5 mm, long ciliate;

primary bristles 14-25 mm, long-ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles.

2n

= 36.

= 18, 36, 45, 48, 52, 53, 54, 56, 78.

Pennisetum clandestinum

Pennisetum polystachion

Distribution
map from FNA
CA; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
map from FNA
FL; TX; HI; PR
Discussion

Pennisetum clandestinum is native to Africa. It now grows in many parts of the world, often as a forage or lawn grass. The U.S. Department of Agriculture considers it a noxious weed. In parts of the Flora region, it is well-established in lawns.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pennisetum polystachion is a polymorphic, weedy African species that has become established in the tropics and subtropics, including Florida. The U.S. Department of Agriculture considers it a noxious weed. Only Pennisetum polystachion subsp. setosum (Sw.) Brunken has been found in the Flora region. It differs from P. polystachion (L.) Schutt. subsp. polystachion as indicated:

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum
Sibling taxa
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
Subordinate taxa
P. polystachion subsp. polystachion, P. polystachion subsp. setosum
Key
1. Plants annual, usually profusely branching; fascicles white, pink, red, or deep purple
subsp. polystachion
1. Plants perennial, usually sparingly branched; fascicles yellow, light brown, or purplish
subsp. setosum
Name authority Hochst. ex Chiov. (L.) Schult.
Source FNA vol. 25. Treatment author: J.K. Wipff. FNA vol. 25. Treatment author: J.K. Wipff.
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