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kikuyu grass

pearl millet

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomatous and stoloniferous. Plants annual.
Culms

3-45 cm, decumbent, highly branching;

nodes glabrous.

50-300 cm, erect, branching;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous or pubescent;

ligules 1.3-2.2 mm;

blades 1-15 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, flat or folded, glabrous or pubescent.

glabrous or pubescent, with or without ciliate margins;

ligules 2-5 mm;

blades 15-100 cm long, 7-70 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent.

Panicles

2-2.7 cm, axillary, concealed in the sheaths;

rachises flat, glabrous or scabrous.

terminal, 4-200 cm long, 2-70 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect;

rachises terete, densely pubescent.

Spikelets

10-22 mm, sessile or pedicellate, pedicels to 0.2 mm;

lower glumes usually absent, sometimes to 0.5 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 0-1.3(3.5) mm, veinless;

lower florets sterile;

lower lemmas 10-22 mm, 9-13-veined;

lower paleas usually absent;

upper lemmas 10-22 mm, 8-12-veined;

upper paleas 2-7-veined;

anthers 4.7-7 mm, long-exserted from the florets at anthesis.

3-7 mm;

pedicels 0.6-1.8 mm;

lower glumes absent or to 1.5 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 0.5-3.5 mm, 3-5-veined;

lower florets staminate or sterile;

lower lemmas 1.5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-7-veined, margins ciliate;

lower paleas vestigial or fully developed, margins ciliate;

anthers 2.2-2.5 mm, penicillate;

upper florets coriaceous, shiny;

upper lemmas 4.3-7 mm, 5-7(9)-veined, margins ciliate;

upper paleas 3.4-3.9 mm, pubescent, at least near the base, margins ciliate;

anthers 2-2.2 mm, penicillate.

Caryopses

2-5.5 mm long, 1.6-3.2 mm wide, protruding from the lemma and palea at maturity.

Fascicles

1-6;

axes to 0.5 mm, with 1-2 spikelets;

outer and inner bristles alike, 6-15, 0.5-10.9 mm;

primary bristles 10-14 mm, usually not noticeably longer than the other bristles.

33-160 per cm;

fascicle axes 1-28 mm, persistent, with 1-9 spikelets;

outer bristles 44-131, 0.5-6 mm;

inner bristles 6-19, 4-6 mm, plumose;

primary bristles 5.5-6.3, ciliate, sometimes noticeably longer than the other bristles.

2n

= 36.

= 14.

Pennisetum clandestinum

Pennisetum glaucum

Distribution
map from FNA
CA; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
map from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; PR
Discussion

Pennisetum clandestinum is native to Africa. It now grows in many parts of the world, often as a forage or lawn grass. The U.S. Department of Agriculture considers it a noxious weed. In parts of the Flora region, it is well-established in lawns.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pennisetum glaucum, a native of Asia, is cultivated in the United States for grain, forage, and birdseed. It is the most drought tolerant of the tropical cereal crops. Under favorable conditions, 10,000-30,000+ fascicles may be produced. In the Flora region, it is used for soil stabilization, partly because it seldom persists for more than 1-2 years.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum
Sibling taxa
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
Name authority Hochst. ex Chiov. (L.) R. Br.
Source FNA vol. 25. Treatment author: J.K. Wipff. FNA vol. 25. Treatment author: J.K. Wipff.
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