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kikuyu grass

foreign Fountaingrass, purple Fountaingrass

Habit Plants perennial; rhizomatous and stoloniferous. Plants perennial, or annual in temperate climates; cespitose.
Culms

3-45 cm, decumbent, highly branching;

nodes glabrous.

1-1.5 m, erect, sometimes branching above, pubescent beneath the panicle;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous or pubescent;

ligules 1.3-2.2 mm;

blades 1-15 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, flat or folded, glabrous or pubescent.

Leaves

burgundy (rarely green);

sheaths glabrous, margins ciliate;

ligules 0.5-0.8 mm;

blades 33-52 cm long, 6-11 mm wide, flat, antrorsely scabridulous, margins ciliate basally, midvein not noticeably thickened.

Panicles

2-2.7 cm, axillary, concealed in the sheaths;

rachises flat, glabrous or scabrous.

23-32 cm long, 30-58 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, flexible, drooping, burgundy (rarely pale or whitish-green);

rachises terete, pubescent.

Spikelets

10-22 mm, sessile or pedicellate, pedicels to 0.2 mm;

lower glumes usually absent, sometimes to 0.5 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 0-1.3(3.5) mm, veinless;

lower florets sterile;

lower lemmas 10-22 mm, 9-13-veined;

lower paleas usually absent;

upper lemmas 10-22 mm, 8-12-veined;

upper paleas 2-7-veined;

anthers 4.7-7 mm, long-exserted from the florets at anthesis.

5.3-6.5 mm;

pedicels 0.1-0.3 mm;

lower glumes 0.5-1 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 1.9-3.6 mm, 0-1-veined;

lower florets staminate;

lower lemmas 4.7-6.1 mm, 5(6)-veined;

lower paleas 4.5-5 mm;

anthers 2-2.5 mm;

upper florets not disarticulating at maturity;

upper lemmas 5.2-6.1 mm, 5-veined;

anthers 2.5-2.7 mm.

Caryopses

concealed by the lemma and palea at maturity.

Fascicles

1-6;

axes to 0.5 mm, with 1-2 spikelets;

outer and inner bristles alike, 6-15, 0.5-10.9 mm;

primary bristles 10-14 mm, usually not noticeably longer than the other bristles.

10-17 per cm, disarticulating at maturity;

fascicle axes 1-2 mm, with 1-3 spikelets;

outer bristles 43-68, 1.2-18.5 mm, terete, scabrous;

inner bristles 4-10, 11.7-25 mm, long-ciliate;

primary bristles 21.3-33.6 mm, ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles.

2n

= 36.

= 54.

Pennisetum clandestinum

Pennisetum advena

Distribution
map from FNA
CA; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
map from FNA
CA; FL; TX; HI
Discussion

Pennisetum clandestinum is native to Africa. It now grows in many parts of the world, often as a forage or lawn grass. The U.S. Department of Agriculture considers it a noxious weed. In parts of the Flora region, it is well-established in lawns.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The origin of Pennisetum advena is uncertain. It is frequently cultivated as an ornamental, usually being sold as P. setaceum 'Rubrum'.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum
Sibling taxa
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
Name authority Hochst. ex Chiov. Wipff & Veldkamp
Source FNA vol. 25. Treatment author: J.K. Wipff. FNA vol. 25. Treatment author: J.K. Wipff.
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