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buffel grass

hairy Fountaingrass, kyasuma grass

Habit Plants perennial; cespitose from a hard, knotty base, with or without rhizomes. Plants usually annual, occasionally perennial; cespitose.
Culms

10-150 cm, erect, sometimes branching at the aerial nodes, glabrous, sometimes scabrous beneath the panicle;

nodes glabrous.

40-150 cm, erect, branching;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous, margins ciliate;

ligules 1-2 mm;

blades 6-30 cm long, 4-15 mm wide, flat, pubescent, basal margins ciliate.

Leaves

green or glaucous;

sheaths glabrous or pubescent, margins ciliate;

ligules 0.5-3 mm, membranous, ciliate;

blades 3-50 cm long, 2-13 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent, margins ciliate or glabrous basally.

Panicles

2-20 cm long, 4-35 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect, green, brown, brown-purple, or dark purple;

rachises terete, scabrous.

terminal and axillary, (5)8-19 cm long, 30-35 mm wide, erect, pink to purple;

rachises terete, puberulent at the base.

Spikelets

2.5-5.6 mm, sessile, glabrous;

lower glumes 1-3 mm, 0-1-veined;

upper glumes 1.3-3.4 mm, about 1/2 as long as the spikelet, (0)1-3-veined;

lower florets staminate or sterile;

lower lemmas 2.5-5.3 mm, 3-7-veined;

lower paleas absent or 2.5-5 mm;

anthers absent or about 1.4 mm;

upper florets not disarticulating at maturity;

upper lemmas 2.2-5.4 mm, (3)5(6)-veined, margins glabrous;

anthers 1.4-2.7 mm.

3.4-4.8 mm;

pedicels 0.5-3.5 mm;

lower glumes 1.2-2.4 mm, 0-1-veined;

upper glumes 3.4-4.8 mm, glabrous, 5-veined;

lower florets staminate or sterile;

lower lemmas 3.1-4 mm, 5(6)-veined;

lower paleas 2.5-3.5 mm;

anthers 3, 2.2-2.5 mm;

upper florets disarticulating at maturity;

upper lemmas 2-2.7 mm, coriaceous, smooth, shiny, 5-veined, margins glabrous, apices ciliate;

anthers 1.5-2.5 mm.

Caryopses

1.2-1.9 mm long, 0.4-1 mm wide, concealed by the lemma and palea at maturity.

about 1.7 mm, concealed by lemma and palea at maturity.

Fascicles

11-37 per cm, disarticulating at maturity;

fascicle axes 0.2-1.5 cm, with 1-12 spikelets;

outer bristles 16-89, 0.3-11.7 mm, many exceeding the spikelets;

inner bristles 7-20, 3.8-13.8 mm, fused to 1/4 of their length, flattened, grooved, ciliate;

primary bristles 10.5-23 mm, long-ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles.

14-15 per cm, disarticulating at maturity;

fascicle axes 1.5-2.5 mm, with (1)2-5 spikelets;

outer bristles 10-20, 1.2-2 mm, scabrous;

inner bristles 40-90, 2.2-14 mm, long ciliate;

primary bristles 15-25 mm, long-ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles.

2n

= 36, 45.

= 24, 30, 32, 35, 36.

Pennisetum ciliare

Pennisetum pedicellatum

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; FL; LA; MO; NM; NY; OK; TX; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
FL
Discussion

Pennisetum ciliare is native to Africa, western Asia, and India. It now grows throughout the warmer, drier regions of the world, often as a forage crop, and is established in much of the southeastern United States. It is sometimes included in Cenchrus, based solely on the fusion of its bristles.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pennisetum pedicellatum is native to Africa. It now grows in many other areas, including Florida. The U.S. Department of Agriculture considers it a noxious weed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 525. FNA vol. 25.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum
Sibling taxa
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
Synonyms Cenchrus ciliaris P. pedicellatum subsp. unispiculum
Name authority (L.) Link Trin.
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