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Chinese Fountaingrass, foxtail Fountaingrass

buffel grass

Habit Plants perennial; cespitose. Plants perennial; cespitose from a hard, knotty base, with or without rhizomes.
Culms

30-100 cm, erect;

nodes glabrous.

10-150 cm, erect, sometimes branching at the aerial nodes, glabrous, sometimes scabrous beneath the panicle;

nodes glabrous.

Sheaths

glabrous, margins ciliate;

ligules 0.2-0.5 mm, membranous, ciliate;

blades (10)30-60 cm long, 2-8(12) mm wide, flat to folded, glabrous, margins ciliate basally.

Leaves

green or glaucous;

sheaths glabrous or pubescent, margins ciliate;

ligules 0.5-3 mm, membranous, ciliate;

blades 3-50 cm long, 2-13 mm wide, flat, glabrous or pubescent, margins ciliate or glabrous basally.

Panicles

all terminal, 6-20 cm long, 20-53 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect, green to brown, deep purple, or stramineous to creamy-white;

rachises terete, with pubescent hairs.

2-20 cm long, 4-35 mm wide, fully exerted from the sheaths, erect, green, brown, brown-purple, or dark purple;

rachises terete, scabrous.

Spikelets

5.5-8.4 mm, sessile or subsessile, glabrous;

pedicels to 0.1 mm;

lower glumes 0.2-1.4 mm, veinless;

upper glumes 2-4.9 mm, to 1/2 as long as the spikelet, 1-5-veined, acute to broadly acute;

lower florets sterile;

lower lemmas 4.9-8.1 mm, 7-9(10)-veined;

lower paleas absent;

upper lemmas 5.2-7.6 mm, 5-7-veined, acuminate;

anthers 3, 3-4.5 mm.

2.5-5.6 mm, sessile, glabrous;

lower glumes 1-3 mm, 0-1-veined;

upper glumes 1.3-3.4 mm, about 1/2 as long as the spikelet, (0)1-3-veined;

lower florets staminate or sterile;

lower lemmas 2.5-5.3 mm, 3-7-veined;

lower paleas absent or 2.5-5 mm;

anthers absent or about 1.4 mm;

upper florets not disarticulating at maturity;

upper lemmas 2.2-5.4 mm, (3)5(6)-veined, margins glabrous;

anthers 1.4-2.7 mm.

Caryopses

1.2-1.9 mm long, 0.4-1 mm wide, concealed by the lemma and palea at maturity.

Fascicles

9-16 per cm;

fascicle axes 1.5-5.6 mm, with a stipelike base of 1-5.6 mm and 1(2) spikelet(s);

outer bristles 13-19, 0.8-15.6 mm;

inner bristles 7-10, 11.2-30 mm, scabrous;

primary bristles 26.7-35 mm, scabrous, usually not noticeably longer than the other bristles.

11-37 per cm, disarticulating at maturity;

fascicle axes 0.2-1.5 cm, with 1-12 spikelets;

outer bristles 16-89, 0.3-11.7 mm, many exceeding the spikelets;

inner bristles 7-20, 3.8-13.8 mm, fused to 1/4 of their length, flattened, grooved, ciliate;

primary bristles 10.5-23 mm, long-ciliate, noticeably longer than the other bristles.

2n

= 18.

= 36, 45.

Pennisetum alopecuroides

Pennisetum ciliare

Distribution
from FNA
AR; IL; NC; NY; OH; PA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; FL; LA; MO; NM; NY; OK; TX; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Pennisetum alopecuroides is native to southeast Asia. It is frequently grown as an ornamental in the Flora region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pennisetum ciliare is native to Africa, western Asia, and India. It now grows throughout the warmer, drier regions of the world, often as a forage crop, and is established in much of the southeastern United States. It is sometimes included in Cenchrus, based solely on the fusion of its bristles.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25. FNA vol. 25, p. 525.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Pennisetum
Sibling taxa
P. advena, P. ciliare, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. clandestinum, P. flaccidum, P. glaucum, P. latifolium, P. macrostachys, P. macrourum, P. nervosum, P. orientale, P. pedicellatum, P. petiolare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. setaceum, P. setigerum, P. villosum
Synonyms Cenchrus ciliaris
Name authority (L.) Spreng. (L.) Link
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