Pellaea ternifolia |
Pteridaceae |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
trans-Pecos cliffbrake |
brake family, maidenhair fern family |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Plants perennial [annual], on rock or terrestrial, of small (rarely large) stature. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | compact, ascending, stout, 5–10 mm diam.; scales bicolored, linear-subulate, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, centers black, thick, margins brown, thin, erose-dentate. |
compact to creeping, branched or unbranched, dictyostelic, bearing hairs and/or scales. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | monomorphic, clustered on stem, 10–50 cm; croziers sparsely to densely villous. |
monomorphic to dimorphic, circinate or noncircinate in bud. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Petiole(s) | black or dark purple, lustrous, rounded or slightly flattened adaxially, without prominent articulation lines. |
usually with persistent scales proximally, lacking spines; vascular bundles 1–several, roundish or crescent-shaped in cross section. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Blade(s) | linear to ovate, deeply pinnate-pinnatifid proximally, 2.5–8 cm wide; rachis black or purple throughout, straight, often flattened adaxially, glabrous or villous. |
1–6-pinnate, without laminar buds. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ultimate segments | linear-oblong, 10–40 mm, leathery, glabrous to sparsely villous abaxially on midrib; margins recurved on fertile segments, rarely covering more than 1/2 abaxial surface, borders whitish, entire; apex mucronate. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pinnae | perpendicular to rachis or slightly ascending, not decurrent on rachis, ternate at base of leaf; costae absent. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Veins | of ultimate segments obscure. |
pinnate or parallel in ultimate segments of blades, simple or forked, free or infrequently anastomosing in complex patterns. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indusia | (when present) formed by reflexed, recurved, or revolute leaf margin (false indusium). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sori | borne abaxially on veins, often confluent with age and forming a continuous submarginal band, or sporangia densely covering abaxial surface (acrostichoid); receptacle not or only slightly elevated. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sporangia | long-stalked, containing 64 spores, not intermixed with farina-producing glands. |
stalk of 2–3 rows of cells; annulus vertical, interrupted by stalk; spores 64 or 32 (rarely 16) per sporangium. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spores | all 1 kind, brown, black, or gray (rarely yellow), globose to globose-tetrahedral or trigonal, occasionally with prominent equatorial ridge, trilete, or trigonal, variously ornamented (usually cristate or rugose). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gametophytes | green, aboveground, obcordate to reniform, sometimes asymmetric, usually glabrous (glandular-farinose in Notholaena); archegonia and antheridia borne on abaxial surface, antheridia 3-celled. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indument | on petioles, rachises, costae, and blades, rarely absent or commonly of hairs, glands, and/or scales, occasionally of white or yellow farina. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pellaea ternifolia |
Pteridaceae |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; Pacific Islands in Hawaii
|
Worldwide |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). Pellaea ternifolia is represented in the flora by three morphologically and chromosomally distinct taxa. These discrete genetic entities also show a tendency toward geographic isolation and are treated here as subspecies. Diploid populations referred to P. ternifolia subsp. ternifolia are scattered from Texas through Mexico to South America. The pubescent tetraploid (P. ternifolia subsp. villosa) follows the Sierra Madre Oriental from Puebla, Mexico, north to Texas; the glabrous tetraploid (P. ternifolia subsp. arizonica) occurs in Arizona, Texas, and northern Mexico. Isozyme and chromosome studies suggest that both tetraploids are segmental allopolyploids produced by hybridization between subsp. ternifolia and other (as yet unidentified) diploid elements within P. ternifolia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Considerable disagreement exists concerning the circumscription and proper name of this family. The taxa comprising the Pteridaceae in this treatment were assigned to the Sinopteridaceae and Pteridaceae by D. B. Lellinger (1985) and were included in five families by R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli (1977). The broad concept followed here is similar (except for the exclusion of Ceratopteris) to that espoused by R. M. Tryon and A. F. Tryon (1982), who applied the name Pteridaceae to the group. Until very recently, the newer name Adiantaceae was more commonly used. As represented in North America, Pteridaceae comprise three major evolutionary lines (the adiantoids, the pteroids, and the cheilanthoids). Characteristics holding the family together include abaxial (usually submarginal) sori that lack indusia or are protected by a reflexed or revolute leaf margin, spores that are usually globose-tetrahedral and trilete, and chromosome base numbers of 30 or 29 (rarely 27). The xeric-adapted members of the family (particularly the cheilanthoids) have undergone extensive parallel and convergent evolution, and they have frustrated attempts to produce a natural generic classification based on macromorphologic characteristics alone. Although some workers have aggregated species into a few large genera (e.g., J. T. Mickel 1979b), most tend to recognize smaller segregate genera based on a combination of morphologic, chromosomal, and biochemical data. The latter approach seems to provide a more useful, evolutionarily informative classification and is the one adopted here. Aspidotis and Notholaena are maintained here as distinct from Cheilanthes, and three recently described genera (Argyrochosma, Astrolepis, and Pentagramma) have been incorporated into the treatment. The reasons for these changes in generic circumscription are discussed under the individual genera. Genera ca. 40, species ca. 1000 (13 genera, 90 species in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 2, p. 180. | FNA vol. 2, p. 122. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Pteridaceae > Pellaea | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Pteris ternifolia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Cavanilles) Link: Fil. Spec. 59. (1841) | E. D. M. Kirchner | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |
|