Pellaea atropurpurea
Pellaea wrightiana
pelléade à stipe pourpre, purple cliff-brake, purple-stem cliff-brake
Wright's cliffbrake
compact, ascending, stout, 5–10 mm diam.;
scales uniformly reddish brown (or tan), linear-subulate, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, thin, margins entire to denticulate.
compact, ascending, stout, 5–10 mm diam.;
scales bicolored, linear-subulate, 0.1–0.3 mm wide, centers black, thick, margins brown, thin, erose-dentate.
somewhat dimorphic, sterile leaves shorter and less divided than fertile leaves, clustered on stems, 5–50 cm;
croziers villous.
monomorphic, clustered on stem, 6–40 cm;
croziers sparsely villous.
reddish purple to nearly black, lustrous, rounded adaxially, without prominent articulation lines.
dark brown, lustrous, flattened or slightly grooved adaxially, without prominent articulation lines.
elongate-deltate, usually 2-pinnate proximally, 2–18 cm wide;
rachis reddish purple throughout, straight, rounded adaxially, densely pubescent adaxially with short, curly, appressed hairs.
linear-oblong, 2-pinnate proximally, 1.5–5 cm wide;
rachis brown throughout, straight, shallowly grooved adaxially, usually glabrous.
linear-oblong, 10–75 mm, leathery, sparsely villous abaxially near midrib;
margins weakly recurved to plane on fertile segments, usually covering less than 1/2 abaxial surface, borders whitish, crenulate;
apex obtuse to slightly mucronate.
narrowly oblong, 5–20 mm, leathery, glabrous;
margins recurved on fertile segments, usually covering less than 1/2 abaxial surface, borders whitish, crenulate;
apex mucronate.
perpendicular to rachis or ascending, not decurrent on rachis, usually with 3–15 ultimate segments;
costae straight, 10–100 mm, often longer than ultimate segments.
perpendicular to rachis or slightly ascending, not decurrent on rachis, usually with 3–9 ultimate segments;
costae straight, 2–20 mm, usually shorter than ultimate segments.
of ultimate segments obscure.
of ultimate segments obscure.
long-stalked, containing 32 spores, not intermixed with farina-producing glands.
long-stalked, containing 64 spores, intermixed with sparse farina-producing glands.
= 2n = 87, apogamous.
= 116.
Pellaea atropurpurea
Pellaea wrightiana
Contrary to D. B. Lellinger's (1985) hypothesis, isozyme data indicate that neither Pellaea glabella nor P. ternifolia was involved in the origin of this apogamous triploid. Instead, it appears that P. atropurpurea is an autopolyploid derivative of a single diploid taxon that has not yet been located. A thorough survey of spore number per sporangium in this species should be undertaken to determine whether the diploid progenitor is still extant. Collections from western Canada identified as P. atropurpurea actually represent P. gastonyi, an apogamous tetraploid produced by hybridization between P. atropurpurea and diploid populations of P. glabella. Pellaea atropurpurea has also hybridized with P. wrightiana; the hybrid is a rare apogamous pentaploid known only from western Oklahoma. Pellaea lyngholmii is the apogamous tetraploid hybrid between P. atropurpurea and P. truncata. Pellaea atropurpurea is distinguished from all these hybrids by having rachises that are densely pubescent adaxially, larger ultimate segments, and spores averaging less than 62 µm in diameter.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
W. H. Wagner Jr. (1965) suggested that Pellaea wrightiana was a fertile allotetraploid hybrid between P. truncata (as P. longimucronata) and P. ternifolia. This hypothesis has been confirmed by isozyme analyses (M. D. Windham 1988). Pellaea wrightiana is therefore treated as a distinct species rather than a variety of P. ternifolia. This tetraploid species hybridizes with P. truncata and P. ternifolia subsp. arizonica to produce sterile triploids and tetraploids with intermediate morphology and malformed spores. Pellaea wrightiana has also hybridized with P. atropurpurea to form a rare apogamous pentaploid known only from western Oklahoma.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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