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largebract Indian breadroot, tallbread scurfpea

verde breadroot, verde formation breadroot

Habit Herbs caulescent, to 100+ cm, mostly glandular throughout, strigose becoming glabrate. Herbs acaulescent to short-caulescent, 4.5–13(–15) cm, mostly glandular (with obvious blond to dark brown glands) and pubescent throughout.
Stems

1+, decumbent to erect-ascending, much branched, leaves dispersed along stems;

pseudoscapes rarely branched, 0–14 cm;

cataphylls 0–13 mm.

erect, rarely with decumbent laterals, unbranched or with few branches near base, spreading white hairy, leaves appearing clustered or dispersed along short stems;

pseudoscapes to 6 cm (when present);

cataphylls 0–15 mm, glabrous or pubescent.

Leaves

palmately 3–5-foliolate;

stipules persistent, erect to reflexed, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 6–15 × 1–5 mm, glandular, pubescent;

petiole enlarged but not jointed basally, often canaliculate, 5–40 mm, sparsely strigose;

petiolules 1.5–3.5 mm;

leaflet blades oblanceolate to elliptic, oblong, or obovate, 2–4.8 × 0.5–2 cm, base cuneate, apex acute to obtuse or apiculate, surfaces abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous.

palmately (3–)5(or 6)-foliolate;

stipules tardily deciduous or persistent, lanceolate to elliptic, 4–16 × 2–8 mm, scarious, strigose to glabrate;

petiole jointed basally, 10–100(–115) mm, hairs appressed-ascending;

petiolules 1.5–3 mm;

leaflet blades abaxially gray-green, adaxially green to yellow-green, cuneate-obovate, (0.8–)1.2–3 × 0.7–1.8(–2.2) cm, base cuneate, apex broadly acute to rounded or retuse, surfaces glandular and pubescent, with more hairs abaxially and also along veins adaxially.

Inflorescences

persistent, ellipsoid to elongate;

rachis 1.5–8.5 cm, nodes (2–)6–17, 3 flowers per node, internodes to 13 mm;

bracts persistent, erect to reflexed, lanceolate, 4–17 × 1–6 mm, glandular, pubescent.

disjointing in age at peduncle base, cymose;

rachis 1–3 cm, nodes (1 or)2–4(–6), (2 or)3 flowers per node;

bracts tardily deciduous or persistent, elliptic, 3.5–8.5(–10) × 2–6 mm, strigose.

Peduncles

0.6–15 cm, longer than subtending petiole, strigose.

(0.5–)1–5.5(–6) cm, shorter than subtending petiole, pilose, spreading or spreading-ascending white-hairy, sometimes with longer spreading hairs.

Pedicels

2–3 mm.

2.5–4.5(–6) mm.

Flowers

12–22 mm;

calyx strongly gibbous-campanulate in fruit, 9–15 mm abaxially, 8–12 mm adaxially, glandular, pubescent;

tube 4–5.5 mm;

abaxial lobe lanceolate to elliptic, 8–19 × 2–3.5 mm, adaxial lobes lanceolate, 4–7 × 1–1.5 mm;

corolla blue, purple, or violet, banner broadly oblanceolate to obovate, 13–21 × 7–8 mm with claw 4–6 mm, wings 12–18.5 × 3–4 mm with claw 4–7.5 mm, keel 9–13 × 4–7 mm with claw 2.5–3 mm;

filaments 8–12 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.5–0.6 mm;

ovary glabrous or pubescent and glandular on distal 1/4–1/3, style pubescent basally.

(8–)10–13.5(–15) mm;

calyx gibbous-campanulate in fruit, (7–)9–11.5 mm abaxially, (7–)9–11 mm adaxially, glandular, with blond glands obscured by indument, pubescent;

tube (3.5–)4–5 mm;

lobes lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, abaxial (4–)5–9 × (1.5–)2–3.5 mm, adaxial 4–7(–8) × 1–2.5 mm;

corolla white to purple, banner white, cream, purple, or suffused with pale purple, wings and keel dark purple, wings sometimes lighter, banner broadly elliptic to ± oblanceolate, (7–)9–12(–14) × 6–8 mm with claw 2–5 mm, wings 10–13 × 2–3 mm with claw 4–5 mm, keel 8–10 × 2–3.5 mm with claw 3–5 mm;

filaments 7–8.5 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.3 mm;

ovary glabrous or apically pubescent, style glabrous or pubescent proximally.

Legumes

ovoid to obovate, 6–8 × 4–4.5 mm, glandular, pubescent distally, beak 1.5–2 mm, shorter than calyx.

round to ovoid, 5–7 × 3.5–5 mm, eglandular, pubescent, beak 1–4 mm, not exserted beyond calyx.

Seed

reddish brown, reniform to globose, 3.5–4 × 4.5–5 mm.

olive to gray-brown, with or without purple mottling, oval to reniform, 3.5–5 × 2.5–3 mm, shiny.

Pediomelum cuspidatum

Pediomelum verdiense

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Grasslands, meadows, woodlands. Limestone soils, desert scrub and pinyon-juniper communities.
Elevation 50–1500 m. (200–4900 ft.) 1000–1700 m. (3300–5600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; KS; MT; NE; OK; SD; TX
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ
Discussion

Pediomelum cuspidatum is one of the larger species in the genus, in spite of its procumbent habit with erect-ascending, copious lateral branches. Horizontal stems are often bicolored, purple adaxially and light green abaxially. It is variable, particularly in plant height, flower length, and inflorescence length.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pediomelum verdiense and P. pauperitense were described as separate taxa by S. L. Welsh and M. H. Licher (2010), with P. verdiense endemic to the silty, white limestone soil of the Verde Formation, Yavapai County, and P. pauperitense endemic to the pink limestone soil of Poverty Mountain, Mohave County. Pediomelum pauperitense was described as having smaller flowers, pedicels, bracts, and seeds. Morphometric analysis showed extensive overlap in all quantitative characters between P. pauperitense and P. verdiense (A. N. Egan 2015). Beyond range and substrate differences, P. pauperitense is said to differ from P. verdiense by having banner and wings suffused with purple, more upright leaves with leaflets held above the inflorescences, and less silvery vestiture—traits that some would argue merit recognition of P. pauperitense at least at varietal status. Both peduncle and petiole length overlap between the taxa, and live specimens of both taxa exhibit inflorescences held below the leaves, and vestiture density varies greatly, even within a population. Banner color may be a character difference, but further research into soil substrate specificity and impacts of soil pH on flower color is needed. Pediomelum pauperitense may represent a hybrid between P. mephiticum and P. verdiense, as several characters overlap or are intermediate between the two. Molecular phylogenetic work would help to clarify the relationships of P. verdiense with morphologically similar congeners, including P. californicum and P. mephiticum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum
Sibling taxa
P. argophyllum, P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
P. argophyllum, P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum
Synonyms Psoralea cuspidata P. pauperitense
Name authority (Pursh) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 19. (1919) S. L. Welsh: Licher & N. D. Atwood, W. N. Amer. Naturalist 70: 12, fig. 3. (2010) — (as verdiensis)
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