Pediomelum cuspidatum |
Pediomelum californicum |
|
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largebract Indian breadroot, tallbread scurfpea |
California Indian breadroot, Indian breadroot |
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Habit | Herbs caulescent, to 100+ cm, mostly glandular throughout, strigose becoming glabrate. | Herbs subacaulescent to shortly caulescent, to 26 cm, mostly glandular (with obvious blond to dark brown glands) and pubescent throughout. |
Stems | 1+, decumbent to erect-ascending, much branched, leaves dispersed along stems; pseudoscapes rarely branched, 0–14 cm; cataphylls 0–13 mm. |
short-erect, branched sparsely proximally and often with decumbent lateral branches, to 26 cm at maturity, these with terminal cluster of leaves and inflorescences, very rarely branched again, leaves dispersed along short main stem or appearing clustered at base; pseudoscapes to 4 cm; cataphylls 0.5–7 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | palmately 3–5-foliolate; stipules persistent, erect to reflexed, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 6–15 × 1–5 mm, glandular, pubescent; petiole enlarged but not jointed basally, often canaliculate, 5–40 mm, sparsely strigose; petiolules 1.5–3.5 mm; leaflet blades oblanceolate to elliptic, oblong, or obovate, 2–4.8 × 0.5–2 cm, base cuneate, apex acute to obtuse or apiculate, surfaces abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous. |
palmately 5–7-foliolate; stipules tardily deciduous or persistent, lanceolate to slightly falcate, 7–10 × 2.5–3 mm, stramineous, appressed-spreading pubescent; petiole slightly enlarged and jointed basally, (20–)40–100(–110) mm, sparsely glandular abaxially, appressed-spreading pubescent; petiolules 1.5–2.5 mm; leaflet blades obovate to slightly rhombic, 1.3–3 × 1–1.7 cm, base attenuate, apex broadly acute to rounded or retuse, surfaces glandular and appressed-pubescent. |
Inflorescences | persistent, ellipsoid to elongate; rachis 1.5–8.5 cm, nodes (2–)6–17, 3 flowers per node, internodes to 13 mm; bracts persistent, erect to reflexed, lanceolate, 4–17 × 1–6 mm, glandular, pubescent. |
disjointing in age at peduncle base, globose to slightly elongate; rachis 0.7–2.5 cm, fairly crowded, nodes (2–)4–10, (1 or)2 or 3 flowers per node, internodes to 9 mm; bracts tardily deciduous or persistent, oblanceolate to elliptic, 6.5–8 × 2–4 mm, appressed-spreading pubescent. |
Peduncles | 0.6–15 cm, longer than subtending petiole, strigose. |
(1.5–)2.5–6.5 cm, shorter than subtending petiole, appressed-spreading pubescent. |
Pedicels | 2–3 mm. |
3–5(–7) mm. |
Flowers | 12–22 mm; calyx strongly gibbous-campanulate in fruit, 9–15 mm abaxially, 8–12 mm adaxially, glandular, pubescent; tube 4–5.5 mm; abaxial lobe lanceolate to elliptic, 8–19 × 2–3.5 mm, adaxial lobes lanceolate, 4–7 × 1–1.5 mm; corolla blue, purple, or violet, banner broadly oblanceolate to obovate, 13–21 × 7–8 mm with claw 4–6 mm, wings 12–18.5 × 3–4 mm with claw 4–7.5 mm, keel 9–13 × 4–7 mm with claw 2.5–3 mm; filaments 8–12 mm; anthers elliptic, 0.5–0.6 mm; ovary glabrous or pubescent and glandular on distal 1/4–1/3, style pubescent basally. |
8–12 mm; calyx gibbous-campanulate in fruit, 9.5–10.5 mm abaxially, 8.5–10 mm adaxially, glandular, white-villous; tube 2–3 mm; abaxial lobe elliptic to oblanceolate, 6.5–8.5 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial lobe linear to linear-lanceolate, 6.5–7.5 × 1–1.5 mm; corolla blue to violet, banner usually white or lighter than other petals, oblanceolate, 10–11 × 6 mm with claw 2.5–3 mm, wings 9.5–10.5 × 2–2.5 mm with claw 2.5–3.5 mm, keel 7–8 × 2–3 mm with claw 3–4 mm; filaments 6.5–7 mm; anthers elliptic, 0.3 mm; ovary pubescent apically, style pubescent basally. |
Legumes | ovoid to obovate, 6–8 × 4–4.5 mm, glandular, pubescent distally, beak 1.5–2 mm, shorter than calyx. |
ellipsoid to ovoid, 4–9 × 3.5–5 mm, eglandular, short-pubescent, beak linear, 1–4 mm, not exserted beyond calyx. |
Seed | reddish brown, reniform to globose, 3.5–4 × 4.5–5 mm. |
red-brown to brown, black-mottled, narrowly reniform, 5–5.5 × 3–3.5 mm. |
2n | = 22. |
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Pediomelum cuspidatum |
Pediomelum californicum |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering late spring–summer. |
Habitat | Grasslands, meadows, woodlands. | Rocky soils, chaparral, pine, juniper, or oak woodland openings. |
Elevation | 50–1500 m. (200–4900 ft.) | 500–2500 m. (1600–8200 ft.) |
Distribution |
CO; KS; MT; NE; OK; SD; TX
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CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Pediomelum cuspidatum is one of the larger species in the genus, in spite of its procumbent habit with erect-ascending, copious lateral branches. Horizontal stems are often bicolored, purple adaxially and light green abaxially. It is variable, particularly in plant height, flower length, and inflorescence length. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Pediomelum californicum is morphologically similar to P. mephiticum, and some have chosen to combine them into a single species (A. M. Vail 1894), suggesting that P. californicum is simply a disjunct P. mephiticum. Others have relied on the distinct geographic separation and difference in caulescent versus acaulescent habit as distinguishing characters (J. W. Grimes 1990; S. L. Welsh et al. 1993). Pediomelum californicum is found from Tehama County southward to San Diego County and northern Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Psoralea cuspidata | Psoralea californica, P. monticola |
Name authority | (Pursh) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 19. (1919) | (S. Watson) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 21. (1919) |
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