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California Indian breadroot, Indian breadroot

beaver dam breadroot, beaver Indian breadroot, Indian breadroot

Habit Herbs subacaulescent to shortly caulescent, to 26 cm, mostly glandular (with obvious blond to dark brown glands) and pubescent throughout. Herbs acaulescent or subacaulescent, to 16 cm, glandular (with obvious blond to dark brown glands) on leaflets, less so on bracts and stipules, mostly silver-strigose throughout.
Stems

short-erect, branched sparsely proximally and often with decumbent lateral branches, to 26 cm at maturity, these with terminal cluster of leaves and inflorescences, very rarely branched again, leaves dispersed along short main stem or appearing clustered at base;

pseudoscapes to 4 cm;

cataphylls 0.5–7 mm, glabrous.

short-erect, sometimes with proximal, decumbent lateral stems to 25 cm, unbranched or sparsely branched, leaves appearing clustered at base or alternate along short stem, with clusters of leaves or inflorescences distally;

pseudoscapes to 10(–14) cm;

cataphylls 5–20 mm, glabrous or strigose.

Leaves

palmately 5–7-foliolate;

stipules tardily deciduous or persistent, lanceolate to slightly falcate, 7–10 × 2.5–3 mm, stramineous, appressed-spreading pubescent;

petiole slightly enlarged and jointed basally, (20–)40–100(–110) mm, sparsely glandular abaxially, appressed-spreading pubescent;

petiolules 1.5–2.5 mm;

leaflet blades obovate to slightly rhombic, 1.3–3 × 1–1.7 cm, base attenuate, apex broadly acute to rounded or retuse, surfaces glandular and appressed-pubescent.

usually palmately, rarely pseudopalmately, (3–)5 or 6-foliolate;

stipules persistent, triangular or lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 5–13.5 × 2–5 mm, pubescent;

petiole slightly enlarged and jointed basally, slightly canaliculate, (30–)65–150 mm;

petiolules 1.5–2.5 mm;

leaflet blades oblanceolate or orbiculate to elliptic, (1.5–)2–4.5 × (1.5–)2.3–4 cm, base attenuate, apex broadly acute to rounded or retuse, surfaces abaxially gray-green and pubescent, adaxially yellow-green and sparsely pubescent along veins to pubescent, not white-veined.

Inflorescences

disjointing in age at peduncle base, globose to slightly elongate;

rachis 0.7–2.5 cm, fairly crowded, nodes (2–)4–10, (1 or)2 or 3 flowers per node, internodes to 9 mm;

bracts tardily deciduous or persistent, oblanceolate to elliptic, 6.5–8 × 2–4 mm, appressed-spreading pubescent.

disjointing in age at peduncle base, ellipsoid to ovoid;

rachis 1.5–1.6 cm, elongating to 2–5.5 cm in fruit, nodes 3–11, 2 or 3 flowers per node;

bracts tardily deciduous or persistent, narrowly elliptic or spatulate to oval, 3.5–8 × 3–7 mm, pubescent.

Peduncles

(1.5–)2.5–6.5 cm, shorter than subtending petiole, appressed-spreading pubescent.

(1.5–)2.4–7 cm, shorter than subtending petiole, appressed-spreading pubescent.

Pedicels

3–5(–7) mm.

0–2 mm.

Flowers

8–12 mm;

calyx gibbous-campanulate in fruit, 9.5–10.5 mm abaxially, 8.5–10 mm adaxially, glandular, white-villous;

tube 2–3 mm;

abaxial lobe elliptic to oblanceolate, 6.5–8.5 × 1.5–2 mm, adaxial lobe linear to linear-lanceolate, 6.5–7.5 × 1–1.5 mm;

corolla blue to violet, banner usually white or lighter than other petals, oblanceolate, 10–11 × 6 mm with claw 2.5–3 mm, wings 9.5–10.5 × 2–2.5 mm with claw 2.5–3.5 mm, keel 7–8 × 2–3 mm with claw 3–4 mm;

filaments 6.5–7 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.3 mm;

ovary pubescent apically, style pubescent basally.

9–13 mm;

calyx gibbous-campanulate in fruit, 10–12 mm abaxially (elongating to 20 mm in fruit), 9–10.5 mm to adaxial lobe (elongating to 14 mm in fruit), usually eglandular, strigose to setose;

tube 3–4 mm;

abaxial lobe broadly oblanceolate, 4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, often with 3 prominent veins, adaxial lobes linear, 4–5 × 1–1.5 mm;

corolla ochroleucous with purple tinge to purple, banner usually elliptic, 9–13 × 3.5–5 mm with claw 2–4 mm, wings 10–13 × 2 mm with claw 4–4.5 mm, keel 6.5–8 × 2 mm with claw 3–4 mm;

filaments 6–7.5 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.4 mm;

ovary pubescent apically, style glabrous, sometimes pubescent basally.

Legumes

ellipsoid to ovoid, 4–9 × 3.5–5 mm, eglandular, short-pubescent, beak linear, 1–4 mm, not exserted beyond calyx.

ellipsoid to ovoid, 6–8 × 5–6 mm, eglandular, strigose, beak 8–11(–15) mm, equal to or longer than calyx.

Seed

red-brown to brown, black-mottled, narrowly reniform, 5–5.5 × 3–3.5 mm.

gray-green to dark brown, narrowly reniform, 5.5–6 × 3.5–4 mm, rugose, dull.

2n

= 22.

Pediomelum californicum

Pediomelum castoreum

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer. Flowering spring.
Habitat Rocky soils, chaparral, pine, juniper, or oak woodland openings. Sand or sandy soils, open desert scrub communities.
Elevation 500–2500 m. (1600–8200 ft.) 400–1000 m. (1300–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pediomelum californicum is morphologically similar to P. mephiticum, and some have chosen to combine them into a single species (A. M. Vail 1894), suggesting that P. californicum is simply a disjunct P. mephiticum. Others have relied on the distinct geographic separation and difference in caulescent versus acaulescent habit as distinguishing characters (J. W. Grimes 1990; S. L. Welsh et al. 1993).

Pediomelum californicum is found from Tehama County southward to San Diego County and northern Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pediomelum castoreum is known from Mohave County in Arizona, San Bernardino County in California, and Clark and Lincoln counties in Nevada.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum
Sibling taxa
P. argophyllum, P. aromaticum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
P. argophyllum, P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
Synonyms Psoralea californica, P. monticola Psoralea castorea
Name authority (S. Watson) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 21. (1919) (S. Watson) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 22. (1919)
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