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silverleaf Indian breadroot, silverleaf scurfpea

Chihuahua scurfpea, small Indian breadroot

Habit Herbs caulescent, to 100 cm, mostly glandular throughout, silvery-sericeous. Herbs subacaulescent, to 30 cm, mostly glandular (with obvious blond to dark brown glands) and appressed-spreading pubescent throughout.
Stems

± erect, branched distally, branches subtended by leaves, leaves dispersed along stems, more so distally;

pseudoscapes to 10 cm (when present);

cataphylls 9–20 mm, glabrous or pubescent apically.

mostly very short-erect, sparsely branched, with leaves clustered at base, rarely with decumbent lateral stems 0–15 cm, with leaves and inflorescences in terminal clusters;

pseudoscapes 0–4 cm;

cataphylls 7–15 mm (when present), apically emarginate.

Leaves

palmately 3–6-foliolate;

stipules tardily deciduous proximally, persistent distally, linear, 8–18 × 2–4 mm, rarely glandular, glabrous;

petiole not swollen or jointed basally, slightly canaliculate, 2–55 mm, strigose;

petiolules 1–4 mm;

leaflet blades oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or orbiculate, 1.1–4.5 × 0.6–2.2 cm, base attenuate, apex acute, acuminate to apiculate, surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely sericeous, rarely eglandular, adaxially glabrous or less sericeous.

palmately or pseudopalmately 5(or 6)-foliolate, sometimes with 2 leaflets distal to others;

stipules persistent, lanceolate to linear, 9–15 × 5 mm, strigose-tomentose;

petiole jointed basally, 60–150 mm, strigose-tomentose;

petiolules 1.5–2 mm;

leaflet blades lanceolate, rhombic, or slightly oblanceolate, 2–5.5 × (1.5–)2–3.2 cm, base cuneate, margins undulate, apex acute, mucronate, surfaces glandular and pubescent.

Inflorescences

persistent, oblong, elongate;

rachis 0–6 cm, exposed, nodes (1 or)2–4(–8), (1–)3 flowers per node, internodes 3–7(–17) mm;

bracts persistent, linear to lanceolate or elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–4 mm, sericeous.

disjointing in age at peduncle base, globose to long-ovoid;

rachis 2–4.5 cm, nodes 6–9, 3 flowers per node;

bracts persistent to tardily deciduous, lanceolate to elliptic, often ensiform, 5–7 × 2–3 mm, membranous in age, strigose.

Peduncles

3–9 cm, longer than subtending petiole, densely white-strigose.

(3–)4–9.5 cm, equal to or shorter than subtending petiole, appressed-pubescent.

Pedicels

0.5–1 mm.

2–3 mm.

Flowers

7–11 mm;

calyx elongating and becoming broadly and shallowly campanulate in fruit but not gibbous, 6–8 mm abaxially, 4–6 mm adaxially, glandular (glands often hidden by hairs), sericeous (sometimes sparsely so);

tube 2–3 mm;

lobes linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, abaxial 4.5–5 × 2–2.5 mm, adaxial 1.5 × 1 mm;

corolla deep blue, banner oblanceolate to obovate or orbiculate, 6–7.5 × 3.5–5 mm with claw 1.5–2 mm, wings 6–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm with claw 2–2.5 mm, keel 5–6 × 1.5–2 mm with claw 2–3 mm;

filaments 4.5–5 mm;

anthers elliptic, 0.4 mm;

ovary glabrous proximally, canescent on distal 2/3, style canescent basally.

14–18 mm;

calyx gibbous-campanulate in fruit, 14–16 mm abaxially, 11–12 mm adaxially, glandular, strigose;

tube 4–5 mm;

abaxial lobe broadly oblanceolate, 10–12 × 3.5–4 mm, adaxial lobes linear-lanceolate, 7–8 × 1–1.5 mm;

corolla white to purple, banner white to lavender, paler than other petals, lanceolate to elliptic, 15–17 × 6–7 mm with claw 4–5 mm, wings 15–16 × 3–3.5 mm with claw 6 mm, keel 9–12 × 3 mm with claw 6–7 mm;

filaments 8.5–10.5 mm;

anthers round-elliptic, 0.3 mm;

ovary pubescent apically, style pubescent basally.

Legumes

narrowly oblong, 5–6 × 3–4.5 mm, obscurely glandular, tomentose, beak 3–5 mm, equal to or slightly longer than calyx.

ellipsoid-oblanceoloid, 7–8 × 4–5 mm, eglandular, pubescent, beak broad, flat, 10–15 mm, barely exserted beyond calyx.

Seed

red-brown, round-reniform, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, dull.

gray-green to brown, oblong-reniform, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, rugose.

2n

= 22.

Pediomelum argophyllum

Pediomelum pentaphyllum

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering spring–early summer.
Habitat Grasslands. Desert grasslands.
Elevation 200–1500 m. (700–4900 ft.) 1500–2000 m. (4900–6600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; IA; IL; KS; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NY; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pediomelum argophyllum is unique in the genus in its gray, silvery pubescence, earning it the common name silverleaf Indian breadroot. It has one of the widest distributions of its congeners, ranging from Canada to Texas, but seems more prevalent in the northern states. It has been used by native cultures for food or medicine for at least 2500 years (D. F. Dexter et al. 2014).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

A history of the confusing nomenclature of Pediomelum pentaphyllum was given by P. Tonne (2000). The name was misapplied by P. A. Rydberg (1919–1920); the plant that Rydberg described as P. pentaphyllum was actually P. palmeri; the plant denoted here as P. pentaphyllum was called P. trinervatum Rydberg. J. W. Grimes (1990), before completion of his monograph, erroneously annotated several P. pentaphyllum specimens as P. trinervatum.

Pediomelum pentaphyllum is rare, with only a few confirmed populations in Arizona (Cochise and Graham counties) and New Mexico (Hidalgo County); it was also collected in Texas (Presidio County), and Chihuahua, Mexico (P. Tonne 2000), but may be extirpated in those states.

Pediomelum pentaphyllum is said to have been used by Native Americans and indigenous Mexicans as a fever reducer, the use of which may have contributed historically to its spread through cultivation. It is uncertain as to why P. pentaphyllum has declined, but causes may include over-collecting, grazing, and herbicide application (WildEarth Guardians, https://pdf.wildearthguardians.org/site/DocServer/petition_scurfpea.pdf?docID=624&AddInterest=1103).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Pediomelum
Sibling taxa
P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. pentaphyllum, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
P. argophyllum, P. aromaticum, P. californicum, P. canescens, P. castoreum, P. cuspidatum, P. cyphocalyx, P. digitatum, P. epipsilum, P. esculentum, P. humile, P. hypogaeum, P. latestipulatum, P. linearifolium, P. megalanthum, P. mephiticum, P. palmeri, P. pariense, P. piedmontanum, P. reverchonii, P. rhombifolium, P. subacaule, P. tenuiflorum, P. verdiense
Synonyms Psoralea argophylla Psoralea pentaphylla
Name authority (Pursh) J. W. Grimes: Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 61: 69. (1990) (Linnaeus) Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al.: N. Amer. Fl. 24: 23. (1919)
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